宇宙年龄

宇宙年龄是大爆炸宇宙学中的一个关键性的问题。

The puzzle of the cosmic age is a long-standing key problem in big bang cosmology .

宇宙年龄问题上的疑难

The cosmic age puzzle

大爆炸宇宙学模型的基本参数&宇宙年龄t0和哈勃常数H0

Fundamental Parameters in the Big Bang Cosmology ─ the Age of the Universe t_0 , and the Hubble Constant H_0

结果表明，地球和金星大气层的半寿命远超过宇宙年龄（约1010y），因而是非常稳定的。

It is shown the half life times of atmosphere for Earth and Venus are much greater than the universe age (~ 1010y ), the atmospheres for both are very stable .

大规模的兼并引发了恒星形成时爆发是宇宙年龄的一半。

Massive mergers sparked bursts of star formation when the Universe was half its age .

现在我们的宇宙年龄为38万年，已经延伸了数万亿英里。

Our universe is now 380000 years old and trillions and trillions of miles across .

所以，现在我们对宇宙年龄的猜算要比哈勃望远镜诞生前准确多了。

As a result , today we know the age of the universe with much more precision than before Hubble .

在证明了所有的无相互作用暗能量模型都无法缓解高红移宇宙年龄问题以后，我们也研究了三种相互作用暗能量模型。

After demonstrating that the high-redshift cosmic age problem can not be solved by any non-interaction model , we also study three interacting dark energy models .

结果显示，尽管相互作用的引入能给出更大的宇宙年龄，一般的相互作用暗能量模型还是很难通过这些古老天体的年龄检验。

It is shown that , although the introduction of interaction can give a larger cosmic age , the interacting dark energy models still have difficulty to pass the cosmic age test .

我们还研究了一些古老天体带来的宇宙年龄问题，并试图通过引入暗能量与暗物质相互作用来化解这一问题，我们发现宇宙年龄问题能够得到些许缓和，但仍然没有完全解决。

We also investigated the cosmic age problem caused by some old astro-nomical objects . By introducing the DE-dark matter interaction , we find that the cosmic age problem become less sever , although still can not be totally re-solved .

确定宇宙线年龄的方法

A method for determining the age of cosmic rays in the galaxy

宇宙的年龄比之前预计的要老大约8000万年。

The universe is about 80m years older than was previously expected .

科学家们估计宇宙的年龄在137亿年左右。

Scientists estimate that the universe is about 13.7 billion years old .

哈勃将告诉我们有关宇宙的年龄和大小的许多事情。

The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe .

我们证明了宇宙的年龄是一个很好的试金石，可以用来区分两者。

We demonstrate that the age of the universe is a good touchstone , which can be used to distinguish them .

在遥远的某一天——当宇宙的年龄变成现在的几千倍时——那颗白矮星会冷却成为黑矮星。

Someday , far in the future-when the universe is thousands of times older than it is today-that white dwarf will cool and fade to black .

20年来，天文学家凭藉哈勃望远镜提供的天体观测数据，测算出宇宙的年龄为137亿年。

In the two decades since , Hubble has enabled astronomers to peer through the celestial curtain to set the age of the universe at13.7 billion years old .

在每一秒里，人们身体内不同分子相互作用的次数可比作宇宙估计年龄中的秒钟数。

During each second , the number of distinct molecular functions going on within the human body is comparable to the number of seconds in the estimated age of the cosmos .

当年我父亲读书的时候，不论他和的老师有多聪明，谁也说不清楚宇宙的年龄，原子是怎样产生的，星星是怎样产生的，谁也不知道。

When my father went to school , no matter how smart he was or how smart his teachers were , nobody had a clue how old was the universe , how were atoms made , how are stars formed No one knew .

我国南极橄辉无球粒陨石（GRV024516）和H5球粒陨石（GRV024517）宇宙射线暴露年龄和气体保存年龄

Cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of ureilite ( grv 024516 ) and ordinary chondrite ( grv 024517 ) from Antarctica

由许多陨石类型的CRE年龄分布，我们可以识别出群集的宇宙射线暴露年龄，藉此可解释为母体上的碰撞，并释放大量的陨石碎块。

From the distribution of cosmic-ray exposure ages for many meteorite groups we recognize clusters that can be interpreted as the result of collisions on a parent body releasing large numbers of fragments .

发现长宇宙射线暴露年龄的陨石具有更小的近日距，与它们相似的轨道演化有关。

It was found that the meteorites with long cosmic ray exposure ages had smaller perihelia , probably because of a similar evolution of their orbits .

它的距离如此遥远以至于天文学家判断它是大爆炸之后8亿年才出现的星系，当时宇宙只有目前年龄的6%。

The galaxy is so distant that astronomers see it as it appeared just 800 million years after the big bang , when the universe was only about six percent of its present age .

东乌珠穆沁旗及渭源中铁陨石的硅酸盐相在主元素丰度上类似于紫苏钙长无球粒陨石，其宇宙射线暴露年龄分别为（252±50）Ma和（25.9±5.0）Ma。

Major element abundances of the silicate phase of the two mesosiderites are similar to those of howardites . The cosmic ray exposure ages are ( 242 ± 50 ) Ma for Dong Ujimqin Qi mesosiderite and ( 25.4 ± 5.0 ) Ma for Weiyuan mesosiderite .

宇宙常数与宇宙年龄问题

The Cosmological Constant and the Problem of the Age of the Universe

我们发现，如果这些天体的年龄数据是正确的，宇宙常数模型依然会受到宇宙年龄问题的困扰。

We find that , if the age estimates of these objects are correct , the cosmic age puzzle still remains in the cosmological constant model .

宇宙或许辽远而无边际，但至少以它目前的形式，宇宙的年龄是有限的。

The universe may well be infinite in extent , but it has existed a finite length of time , at least in its present form .

我们的宇宙早已有137亿年的历史了，但欧洲太空总署发射的普朗克卫星收集的数据证明宇宙的实际年龄更长。

Our universe has long passed for a 13.7-billion-year-old , but it turns out it 's really a bit more elderly . So says new data from the European Planck satellite .

本文根据银河宇宙线的传播方程解，分析HEAO-3C-2资料，确定了宇宙线在银河系中的逃逸路径长度分布和居留时间，同时根据锰-54的衰变确定了宇宙线年龄。

The escape path length , the residence time and lifetime of cosmic rays in the Galaxy are determined by analyzing the HEAO-3 C-2 data on the relative abundance of manganese to iron in terms of the solutions of cosmic ray propagation equations derived in paper [ 1 ] .