存在先于本质

其一：存在先于本质。

First , existence precedes essence .

萨特提出“存在先于本质”的命题，主张存在主义是一种真正的人道主义。

Sartre argues that " Existence precedes essence ", and advocates that existentialism is really humanism .

存在先于本质是其核心；

That the existence is before the essence is its core .

存在先于本质的命题包含有合理成分，但不是唯物主义命题；

The proposition of existence 's priority over nature is not of materialism , despite its rational elements .

存在主义的基本命题是存在先于本质和人是绝对自由的；

The basic viewpoints of the Existentialism are " Existence Precedes Essence " and " Freedom of Choice " .

既然存在先于本质，那么我们总能找到方法让自己的人生与众不同。

Due to " existence precedes essence ", we can always find a way to make our own lives different .

然而，假如存在先于本质是真实的话，人就要对他自己负责。

If , however , it is true that existence is prior to essence , man is responsible for what he is .

贝娄也认同萨特存在先于本质的说法，只是二者在自由观上存在一定差异。贝娄对萨特的亲共与反犹言论也极为不满。

Bellow consents to the parlance of Sartre that existence is prior to nature , but there exists difference between them in terms of freedom .

作为存在主义理论的集大成者，萨特提出了存在先于本质、世界是荒谬的，人生是痛苦的和自由选择三大原则。

As a master of existentialism , Jean-Paul Sartre put forward three principles : existence precedes essence , anguished life and absurd world ; freedom of choice .

萨特的存在主义哲学主要可以归纳为下面三点：一、存在先于本质；二、自由选择；三、世界是荒诞的。

His philosophy can be mainly summarized as the following three points : ( 1 ) Existence precedes essence ; ( 2 ) Free choice ; ( 3 ) The world is fantastic .

着重介绍了萨特的存在主义思想以及本文涉及的主要概念：存在先于本质，自在，自为，自欺，时间观以及个人与他人的关系。

Emphasis is put on the Sartrean existentialism and some of his main concepts : existence precedes essence , being-in-self , being-for-self , bad faith , value of time and the relations with others .

另一方面，由于主、客二分说不能把人视为存在先于本质的存在者，从而丧失了先于现象把握存在的可能性。

On the other hand , since it does not look upon a human being as " a being prior to the essence ", the possibility of grasping the beingness prior to the phenomenon is lost .

本文试图以萨特的存在主义哲学为出发点，主要从自为、爱情、存在先于本质和非理性选择，理性接受等方面对该小说进行分析。

Based on the Sartrean existentialist positions of " Being-for-itself ", " love ", " existence precedes essence " and " irrational choice and rational acceptance ", this thesis is going to make an existentialist articulation of the novel .

进言之，如果存在先于本质，而当我们存在的时候，我们也在创造我们的形象，则这个形象是适用于所有人类和我们所处的整个时代的。

If , moreover , existence precedes essence and we will to exist at the same time as we fashion our image , that image is valid for all and for the entire epoch in which we find ourselves .

如果存在确实先于本质，就不可能用一种固定不变的人性来解释事物。

If existence really does precede essence , there is no explaining things away by reference to a fixed and given human nature .

但是，如果存在真的先于本质，人是对自己的本性负责的。

But if existence really does precede essence , man is responsible for what he is .

因为如果存在确是先于本质，我们就永远不能根据天赋和特殊的人性去解释自己的行为；

For if indeed existence precedes essence , one will never be able to explain one 's action by reference to a given and specific human nature ;