委内瑞拉石油

委内瑞拉石油公司称，到2015年对奥里诺科河的投资将达到约1400亿美元。

PDVSA says it will be investing some $ 140 billion in the Orinoco by 2015 .

查韦斯一月份命令委内瑞拉石油公司增加对他不入账的国家发展基金（Fonden）的贿金，以支持他的“革命”，此举导致公司财力愈加枯竭。

In January , Chavez ordered PDVSA to increase its payments to his off-the-books slush fund , fonden , which is used to support the " revolution , " further draining its resources .

对外开放中的委内瑞拉石油

Venezuela 's Petroleum in Opening to the Outside World

古巴对中国的部分债务，将以委内瑞拉石油作为担保。

Some of its debts to Beijing will be backed by Venezuelan oil as collateral .

无论如何，委内瑞拉石油供应的不足，可以在其它地方得到弥补，尽管价格可能要高些。

In any event , shortfalls from Venezuela could be made up elsewhere , albeit possibly at high prices .

沙特阿拉伯石油公司、俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司、伊朗国家石油公司和委内瑞拉石油公司等，都拥有庞大的油气资源。

Saudi Aramco , Gazprom , of Russia , Venezuela 's PDVSA and Iran 's Nioc all own vast riches of gas and oil .

上一次出现大规模供应中断时2002年末到2003年初的委内瑞拉石油罢工两国都还只是规模相对较小的进口国。

When the last major disruption occurred in late 2002 and early 2003 during the oil strike in Venezuela both were still relatively smaller importers .

20世纪90年代委内瑞拉石油公司着手实施一项规划来使其日产量达到650万桶。

In the 1990s the Venezuelan oil company embarked on a scheme to raise output to 6.5m barrels per day ( b / d ) .

2011年，委内瑞拉石油公司被压榨到只剩110亿美元，即总收入的9%，用于投入将来的运营。

In 2011 , PDVSA was left with just $ 11 billion , or 9 % , of its total income , to fund future operations .

之后，查韦斯将委内瑞拉石油公司当成自己的提款机，拒绝提供公司扩大奥里诺科河勘探规模的必要投资资本。

Chavez then used PDVSA as his own personal ATM , starving the company of the necessary investment capital needed to expand its operations in the Orinoco .

中国已是委内瑞拉石油的重要投资者，即便委内瑞拉已将数家与西方有关联的石油企业国有化。

It has been a bigger buyer of Chilean copper than the US , and it is already a major investor in Venezuelan oil even as Caracas has nationalised several Western concerns .

第三，这些债务原本要由委内瑞拉国家石油公司（PDVSA）用石油偿还。

Third , PDVSA the national oil company was supposed to pay back the debt with oil .

在国外，查韦斯利用委内瑞拉的石油财富打造了一块反美的地区，他把这块地区称之为“美洲玻利瓦尔联盟”（Alba）。

Abroad , Mr Ch á vez deployed Venezuela 's oil wealth to build an anti-American block he called the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas ( Alba ) .

当年晚些时候，反对派发起了一场运动，原本想令国有的石油垄断企业委内瑞拉国家石油公司（PDVSA）陷入瘫痪，但是最终还是失败了。

An opposition strike later that year paralysed PDVSA , the state oil monopoly , but it failed .

国有的委内瑞拉国家石油公司（Pdvsa）被誉为该国经济的引擎。为了给社会项目提供资金，该公司受到了层层盘剥，而这些钱本可以用在急需的投资方面。

PDVSA , the state-owned oil company that is the dynamo of the economy , has been leached to fund social projects with cash that otherwise would have been used for much-needed investment .

但是，当委内瑞拉国家石油公司（PDVSA）无法履行其债务换石油还款计划时，它被迫从央行借钱，从而加剧了硬通货短缺，助长通胀，妨碍食品进口。

However , when PDVSA , the national oil company , was unable to meet its debt-for-oil repayment schedules , it was forced to borrow from the central bank , contributing to the hard currency shortage that is fuelling inflation and curtailing imports of food .

委内瑞拉国家石油公司发展计划评析

A Review of the PDVSA 's development Plan

委内瑞拉的石油质量有问题。

Venezuela 's oil has problematic qualities .

有些人将矛头指向了委内瑞拉的石油财富。就像信托基金能惯坏一个孩子一样，这笔财富也腐化了整个国家。

Some point to Venezuela 's oil wealth , which has corrupted the country as a trust fund can corrupt a child .

古巴总统劳尔·卡斯特罗深知，失去委内瑞拉的石油将使他的国家经济陷入更加困难的境地。

Cuba 's president , Ra ú l Castro , knows that the loss of Venezuelan oil would plunge his country 's economy deeper into penury .

特朗普政府制定了广泛的制裁方案，限制委内瑞拉的石油出口，并阻止美国公民与马杜罗政府进行商业往来。

The Trump administration has created a broad sanctions programme that limits Venezuela 's oil exports and blocks U.S. citizens from doing business with the Maduro government .

油价暴跌令俄罗斯和委内瑞拉等石油出口大国的经济陷入混乱，还令世界各地的石油公司不得不修改投资计划。

The price plunge has thrown the economies of big oil exporters like Russia and Venezuela into disarray and forced oil companies across the world to rewrite their investment plans .

美国仍然是委内瑞拉主要的石油市场，但是即使双方之间存在共同的贸易利益，两国之间仍有很多摩擦。

The US remains a major market for Venezuelan oil , but despite their common trade interests , there 's still plenty of friction between the two countries .

委内瑞拉能源和石油部长拉米雷斯在10月25号申明，在马那瓜，情况是视不断持续的“革命”&这一为桑地诺民族解放阵线成员明显亲睐的情况而定的。

On October25th Rafael Ram í rez , Venezuela 's energy minister , said in Managua that the deal was contingent on continued " revolution " & a heavy hint in favour of the FSLN .

中国和委内瑞拉签署电力、石油开发协议。

China , Venezuela sign deals on oil , hydropower projects .

如果委内瑞拉有更多的石油流入美国，那么输油管道项目就变得多余了。

If more Venezuelan oil begins to flow the Keystone pipeline might prove extraneous .

从委内瑞拉到中东，石油出口国都赚了，石油进口国将会看到更加恶化的贸易差额。

Oil exporters , from Venezuela to the Middle East , are gaining ; oil importers will see worsening trade balances .

如果中国企业能够获得更有利的价格，它们将把委内瑞拉和非洲的石油卖给外国，而非本国。

Chinese companies sell Venezuelan and African oil to foreign countries , not to China , if they can get a better price .

委内瑞拉的一名石油部长曾把自己国家的主要出口称为“魔鬼的粪便”。我们将看到乌戈·查韦斯的逝世会如何影响这种“浮士德式”的石油生产水平，进而影响全球石油市场和气候。

A Venezuelan oil minister once referred to his country 's main export as the " devil 's excrement . " We 'll see how the death of Hugo Chavez affects production levels of this Faustian fuel - which influences both the global oil market and the climate .

事实上，美国从委内瑞拉政府那儿进口的石油仅占其石油需求的约12%，而相比之下，委内瑞拉逾一半的石油收入要依赖美国的采购。

In fact , the US imports only about 12 per cent of its petroleum needs from Caracas . Venezuela , by contrast , relies on US purchases for more than half its oil revenues .