商品出口

大宗商品出口大国也无力通过扩大进口降低顺差。沙特、利比亚和委内瑞拉在2002年至2007年期间，贸易顺差占GDP比例平均达到了两位数水平。

The big commodity exporting nations have a similar inability to absorb enough imports to reduce their surpluses – double-digit percentages of GDP on average between 2002 and 2007 for Saudi Arabia , Libya and Venezuela .

这对巴西有利，因为它的经济就建立在大宗商品出口的基础上。但对中国就不太好了，因为它的经济增长部分依赖于大宗商品的进口。

This is good for Brazil , whose economy is built around exporting them , and less good for China , whose growth depends in part on importing them .

他们的商品出口到世界各地。

Their goods are exported all over the globe .

西方国家实施TBT对我国商品出口的影响

Effect of TBT by Western Countries on Our Country 's Commodity Export

官方出口信用机构（OfficialExportCreditAgency）是一国为促进本国商品出口、鼓励本国企业开展跨国投资经营而设立的准政府机构。

The Official Export Credit Agency is a quasi-government financial institution , which is set up for the sake of promoting export as well as encouraging oversea investment .

发展中世界陷入困境的大宗商品出口国的借款需求飙升，使得世界银行（WorldBank）今年发放的贷款创下2008年金融危机结束以后的最高水平。

A surge in demand by ailing commodity exporters in the developing world has pushed up lending from the World Bank this year to its highest levels since the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis .

为今年9月二十国集团匹兹堡峰会撰写的一篇文章保护发展：全球衰退背景下低收入国家面临的挑战（pdf格式）指出，很多脆弱国家倚重商品出口、汇款、外国援助以及紧急和安全援助。

Many fragile states are heavily dependent on commodity exports , remittances , foreign aid and emergency and security assistance .

世界贸易组织（WTO）昨日表示，中国今年将超越德国，成为全球最大的商品出口国；与此同时，亚洲活力十足的经济体正显示出引领全球贸易复苏的迹象。

China is set to overtake Germany as the largest goods exporter this year , as Asia 's dynamic economies show signs of leading a recovery in global trade , the World Trade Organisation said yesterday .

根据世界贸易组织（WTO）的数据，2001年至2005年间，全球商品出口额增长了25%，同期，全球生产总值增长了11%。

According to the World Trade Organisation , the volume of global merchandise exports rose by 25 per cent between 2001 and 2005 , while global gross product rose by 11 per cent over the same period .

房地产投资直接占中国GDP大约13%，因此该行业若发生崩盘，将会产生冲击波，不仅影响中国，还将殃及大宗商品出口国&这些国家依赖中国建筑业实现自身增长。

Real estate investment directly accounts for about 13 per cent of GDP so a collapse in the sector would have repercussions , not just in China but for commodity-exporting countries that rely on Chinese construction for their own growth .

他们对巴西亚马孙丛林的这一宏伟蓝图被称为“魔鬼铁路”（Devil’sRailway），得名于因此消逝的成千上万条生命。它的遗迹说明了过于依赖大宗商品出口的危险性。

The ruins of their grand designs for the Brazilian Amazon , called the Devil 's Railway because of the thousands of workers who died building it , are a testament to the dangers of relying too heavily on commodity exports .

尽管贸易增速已放慢至“与全球GDP增长率相仿”的水平，但作为全球经济中的一个组成部分，贸易仍保持稳定。以2005年不变价格计算，商品出口仍稳稳占据全球产出的三分之一。

While growth in trade has slowed to " mimic global GDP " it remained stable as a component of the global economy , with merchandise exports accounting for a steady third of global output when measured in constant 2005 prices .

本来在理想情况下，很多大宗商品出口国（例如拉丁美洲国家）应该会乐于降息来抵消出口下滑对经济增长的影响，但是相反，它们正面临加息的前景，因为它们不得不“追随美联储（Fed）”。

Many commodity exporters , for example in Latin America , would ideally like to reduce interest rates to offset the impact of lower exports on growth , but are instead facing the prospect of rises as they are forced to " follow the Fed . "

对澳大利亚、拉丁美洲和非洲等大宗商品出口者来说，中国增长大幅放缓是很糟糕的消息，汇丰（HSBC）亚洲经济研究联席主管范力民（FredericNeumann）表示。

For commodity exporters in places like Australia , Latin America and Africa , much slower Chinese growth is very bad news , said Frederic Neumann , co-head of Asian economic research at HSBC .

花旗集团（citigroup）的史蒂文英格兰德（stevenenglander）表示，由供应冲击推动的能源价格上升，将不利于增长敏感的非石油大宗商品出口国、以及那些有巨额经常账户赤字的经济体的货币。

Steven Englander , of Citigroup , said the losers from a rise in energy prices driven by a supply shock would be currencies belonging to growth-sensitive , non-oil commodity exporters and to currencies of economies that have large current account deficits .

澳大利亚通过大宗商品出口与中国紧密相联。

Australia is tied to China by commodity exports .

大宗商品出口国和其它新兴经济体将受到多米诺效应的冲击。

A domino reaction would hit the commodity exporters and other emerging economies .

中国目前是世界第二大经济体，是世界头号商品出口国。

It is the world 's second-largest economy and its leading exporter of goods .

而高速增长的新兴市场以及大宗商品出口大国的货币则不断升值。

Currencies of growing emerging markets , and of strong commodity exporters , are appreciating .

它包括商品出口、军事交易以及劳务交易。

It includes exports and imports of merchandise , military transactions , and service transactions .

它是世界上最大的商品出口国。

Today , 80 % of the world 's electronic goods are made in China .

我国商品出口与人民币有效汇率的相关性研究

Empirical Analysis on the Relationship of China 's Merchandise Exports and Effective Exchange-rate of RMB

但即便在2005年，中国的商品出口也仅占全球的7%。

But even in 2005 it generated only 7 per cent of world merchandise exports .

继续加大在中国的采购力度，支持中国商品出口到世界其它国家；

Increase procurement and support export of Chinese products to other countries in the world ;

例如，大宗商品出口国和大宗商品进口国的利益诉求肯定不一样。

The interests of a commodities exporter are quite different from an importer , for example .

该国平静地度过了危机，其大宗商品出口正引领着一波非常强劲的反弹。

It quietly rode out the crisis and its commodity exports are leading a very decent recovery .

不过，俄罗斯与沙特阿拉伯作为“大宗商品出口大国”多半会得到豁免。

But Russia and Saudi Arabia would presumably be exempt , as " large commodity exporters " .

欧盟是我国的第三大贸易伙伴，是我国重要的商品出口市场。

EU is China 's third largest trade partner , and an important export trade as well .

对一些国家来说，无形贸易和将原料和商品出口到其它国家一样重要。

To some nations , invisible trade and raw material and merchandise export to other nation similar importance .

以上商品出口退税率调整自2007年7月1日起执行。

The above tax refund rates adjustment of export commodities shall be executed from July 1 , 2007 .