凝胶层

通过对膜过滤阻力分析可知，凝胶层和膜孔堵塞是造成试验后期TMP陡增的原因。

Analyzing the components of membrane resistanc , it shows that transmembrane pressure increased quickly in late stage because of the gel layer resistance and membrane pore blocking .

钛合金（Ti6Al4V）经过NaOH碱液处理后表面形成了多孔网状、弱结晶的钛酸钠凝胶层；

Porous network of weakly crystallized sodium titanate gel layer was formed on the surface of titanium alloys ( Ti6Al4V ) after treated by NaOH alkali solution .

PDMAEMA凝胶层也表现出相同的特点。

Crosslinking PDMAEMA hydrogel shows the same characteristics .

材料表面的硅酸凝胶层及其硅羟基团的形成对碳酸羟基磷灰石（HCA）微晶的成核有重要作用。

The silicic acid gelatin and the formation of Si hydroxy group on the materials ' surface had an important effect on nucleation and amount of HCA .

结果：经过处理的钛表面形成了致密金红石型二氧化钛膜，富含Ti-OH基团的凝胶层以及具有高表面能的微观粗糙结构，该结构赋予材料以良好的生物活性。

Result : The surface was covered by rutile and a layer of Ti gel . These structures en-dowed the material with bioactivity .

方法40只SD大鼠等分为对照组和应激1h、2h和4h组，以水浸束缚方法制备应激模型，测定各组大鼠胃壁结合黏液量和黏液凝胶层厚度。

Methods Forty SD rats were equally divided into the control group and 1 . 2 or 4 hrs after stress groups . The amount of glandular adherent mucus and the mucus gel thickness were measured . Another thirty rats were equally divided into A , B and C groups .

膜污染因子识别与凝胶层结构分析

Identification of Membrane Fouling Factors and Structure Analysis of Cake Layer

膜表面污染中凝胶层形成机理及控制的研究

Study on Mechanism and Control of Gel Layer Forming on Membrane Surface

分置式膜-生物反应器凝胶层膜污染模型研究

Resistance Analyses for Recirculated Membrane Bioreactor

膜及膜面凝胶层对稳定系统出水水质起到了决定性作用。

Membrane and gel layer on the membrane surface are critical to the stabilization of effluent quality .

结果门脉高压大鼠胃凝胶层厚度明显下降，胃黏膜损伤指数增高。

Results The thickness of gastric gelatinous mucus was decreased and gastric UI were increased in portal hypertensive rats .

将芦荟凝胶层从底层表皮上切下来，放在杯子中。

Cut the layer of gel away from the bottom layer of skin and place it in a cup .

切下叶片表层，暴露出内部的芦荟凝胶层。

Cut off the top layer of the leaf 's skin to expose the underlying layer of aloe vera gel .

结果表明，膜污染主要是由膜表面凝胶层造成的；

The result indicates that the fouling of membrane is mainly formed by gel polarity on surface of the membrane .

用α-淀粉酶为料液，测定了不同挡板型式时的蛋白凝胶层浓度和传质系数，并建立了传质准数方程。

With α - amylase as the feed , the concentration of the gelatinous protein layer and the mass transfer coefficient were determined .

为了保护玻璃电极表面的水合凝胶层，在测量端套有一个瓶状塑料密封容器。

To protect a hydrated gel layer on the surface of a glass electrode , a measuring end is sheathed with a bottle shape plastic seal container ;

膜片表面沉积而形成致密的凝胶层是膜污染的主要原因。

( 4 ) The compact gelatinous layer forming at the surface of membrane was mainly attributable to membrane fouling occurred at membrane module during the operation .

凝胶层的阻力比膜阻力大1至2个数量级。

The resistance of the gel layer is of 1 to 2 order higher than that of the membrane . The main resistance comes from the gel layer .

最后，分析确定了膜污染的原因是，膜孔堵塞和膜面形成的凝胶层造成膜污染从而产生膜过滤阻力。

Lastly , we analyzed the reason of the membrane fouling is that filtration resistances would be determined by fouling mainly composed of pore blocking and gel layer formation .

电镜细胞化学研究发现，正常大鼠胃表面上皮覆有含磷脂的粘液凝胶层，而腺上皮表面亦有薄层磷脂覆盖。盐酸损伤后表面粘液层中磷脂结构破坏、缺失。

It was disclosed that the surface epithelium was covered by a layer of mucous gel rich in phospholipid , and the glandular epithelium was covered by a structure of phospholipid .

它的作用就像一个防御空气变应原的天然屏障，在鼻道里形成一层无色的、粘液样的、凝胶层，其作用就像一个灰尘和细菌的过滤器。

It acts as a natural barrier to airborne allergens , forming a colourless , mucus-like gel lining in the nasal tract that acts as a filter for dust and germs .

试验结果表明，污染膜表面凝胶层含果胶37.43%，纤维素3.91%，半纤维素0.95%，同时还含有大量低分子糖类和有机酸。

The membrane deposit was found to be composed of pectin 37.43 % , cellulose 3.91 % , hemicellulose 0.95 % , and a large amount of sugars and organic acids .

在长期过滤的过程中，截留分子量>10kDa的超滤膜的过滤阻力受到膜污染的控制，膜孔堵塞和膜面形成凝胶层是造成膜污染的主要原因；

During the long-term operation , the filtration resistances would be determined by fouling mainly composed of pore blocking and gel layer formation , when MWCO of membrane was larger than 10 kDa .

通过膜生物反应器中膜阻力的测定，分析混合纤维素膜和聚偏氟乙烯膜污染形成的原因，得出膜污染主要是由于浓差极化及凝胶层形成的；

The reason of CN-CA 、 PVDF membrane fouling is investigated by membrane resistance determination in membrane bio-reactor , it is found that membrane fouling mainly result from concentration polarization and gelatin layer .

结果膜面流速影响着膜表面凝胶层的形成，并由此影响膜通量，增大膜面流速是抑制膜污染的有效手段；

Membrane cross velocity influences the forming of gelatin on membrane surface , and also influences membrane flux . Increasing the membrane cross velocity is an efficient way to abate pollutants on membrane .

从外到内依次是沉淀层，富硅的硅凝胶层，发生腐蚀反应的离子交换层，最后是原始纤维。

From outside to inside , followed by precipitation with high sediment layer , silicon-rich silicon gel layer , and then corrosion layer of ion exchange reaction , and finally the original raw fibers .

研究结果表明，通量衰减的机理是聚合物的浓差极化和凝胶层的形成，其次是原油和无机物对膜孔的堵塞。

The results indicated that the mechanism of flux decline was resulted by concentration polarization and gel layer formation of polymer , and the other reason was that crude oil and inorganic matter plugged membrane pores .

研究发现氧化钛膜层经过碱液处理形成的多孔网状钛酸钠凝胶层，可在模拟体液中诱导沉积出生物活性磷灰石层。

It was found that a porous network of sodium titanate gel was formed after the titanium oxide film was alkali treated , and the gel layer could induce deposition of bioactive apatite layer in SBF .

钛酸钠凝胶层可在快速钙化溶液中诱导沉积出（002）取向的磷酸八钙和/或磷灰石；而在模拟体液中诱导沉积出无取向的骨状磷灰石。

The sodium titanate gel layer can induce the deposition of octacalcium phosphate and / or apatite orientated along ( 002 ) plane from the fast calcification solution , and bone like apatite layer from the simulated body fluid without orientation .

膜外表面污泥层的沉积、凝胶层的增厚（0～5μm之间）和膜内表面微生物的滋生是膜污染的主要原因。

The main contributors to the membrane fouling in this study were sludge adhesion on the some part of the outer membrane surface , gel layer formation with depth of 0 ~ 5 μ m and growth of microorganisms inside the membrane .