be
- v.是;有，存在;位于，在(某处);（在某时或某地）发生;逗留，呆;出席，到场;前往，造访;花费，值;等于
- aux.与过去分词连用构成被动语态;与现在分词连用构成进行时;用于反意疑问句;（表述条件）
beverb
有；存在
to exist; to be present
Is there a God?
上帝存在吗？
Once upon a time there was a princess…
从前有一位公主…
I tried phoning but there was no answer.
我试打过电话，但没人接。
There's a bank down the road.
沿马路不远有一家银行。
Was there a pool at the hotel?
饭店里有游泳池吗？
位于；在（某处）
to be located; to be in a place
The town is three miles away.
镇子距此地三英里远。
If you're looking for your file, it's on the table.
你要找的文件在桌子上。
Mary's upstairs.
玛丽在楼上。
（在某时或某地）发生
to happen at a time or in a place
The party is on Friday evening.
聚会定于周五晚上举行。
The meetings are always in the main conference room.
会议总是在主会议室举行。
留在（某地）；逗留
to remain in a place
She has been in her room for hours.
她已经在她的房间里待了几个小时了。
They're here till Christmas.
他们将在这里一直住到圣诞节。
出席；到场
to attend an event; to be present in a place
I'll be at the party.
我将出席聚会。
He'll be here soon (= will arrive soon) .
他很快就会到达。
前往；造访；访问
to visit or call
I've never been to Spain.
我从未去过西班牙。
He had been abroad many times.
他曾多次出国。
Has the postman been yet?
邮递员来过了吗？
Has the mailman come yet?
邮递员来过了吗？
出生于（某地）；来自…；是（某地的）人
used to say where sb was born or where their home is
She's from Italy.
她是意大利人。
（提供名称或信息时用）
used when you are naming people or things, describing them or giving more information about them
Today is Monday.
今天是星期一。
‘Who is that?’ ‘It's my brother.’
“那个人是谁？”“是我哥哥。”
She's a great beauty.
她是个大美人。
Susan is a doctor.
苏珊是医生。
He wants to be (= become) a pilot when he grows up.
他想在长大后当飞行员。
It's beautiful!
美呀！
Life is unfair.
人生没有公平。
He is ten years old.
他十岁了。
‘How are you?’ ‘I'm very well, thanks.’
“你好吗？”“我很好，谢谢。”
Be quick!
快点！
The fact is (that) we don't have enough money.
事实是我们没有那么多钱。
The problem is getting it all done in the time available.
问题是要在现有的时间内把它全部完成。
The problem is to get it all done in the time available.
问题是要在现有的时间内把它全部完成。
（描述情况或表达想法）
used when you are describing a situation or saying what you think about it
It was really hot in the sauna.
桑拿浴的确很热。
It's strange how she never comes to see us any more.
奇怪，她怎么再也不来看我们了。
He thinks it's clever to make fun of people.
他觉得拿别人开玩笑显得聪明。
It would be a shame if you lost it.
你要是把它丢了就太可惜了。
It's going to be a great match.
这将是一场了不起的比赛。
（用于表达时间）
used to talk about time
It's two thirty.
现在是两点三十。
It was late at night when we finally arrived.
我们最后到达时已是深夜。
（表示所用的材料）
used to say what sth is made of
Is your jacket real leather?
你的夹克是真皮的吗？
（表示某物所属）
used to say who sth belongs to or who it is intended for
The money's not yours, it's John's.
这钱不是你的，是约翰的。
This package is for you.
这份包裹是给你的。
花费；值
to cost
‘How much is that dress?’ ‘Eighty dollars.’
“那条连衣裙多少钱？”“八十块钱。”
等于；等同
to be equal to
Three and three is six.
三加三等于六。
How much is a thousand pounds in euros?
一千英镑合多少欧元？
Let x be the sum of a and b.
设x为a加b之和。
London is not England (= do not think that all of England is like London) .
伦敦并不等于英格兰（不要以为整个英格兰都像伦敦）。
（表示对某人的重要性）
used to say how important sth is to sb
Money isn't everything (= it is not the only important thing) .
金钱不是一切（不是唯一重要的东西）。
A thousand dollars is nothing to somebody as rich as he is.
一千英镑对于像他这么富有的人来说算不上什么。
the most important part; all that matters
她的事业是她生活中一切的一切。
Her career is the be-all and end-all of her existence.
as sb/sth used to be called
（婚前）姓名为吉尔∙戴维斯
Jill Davis that was (= before her marriage)
the Soviet Union, as was
旧称苏联
used to show that you are surprised and annoyed by sth that sb has done
有人居然把车停在大门口前！
Someone's been and parked in front of the entrance!
used to say that sb/sth stopped sb/sth from happening
如果不是你，我今天不会还活着。
If it weren't for you, I wouldn't be alive today.
to leave sb/sth alone without disturbing them or it
别烦她了，她显然不想谈论这事。
Leave her be, she obviously doesn't want to talk about it.
Let the poor dog be (= don't annoy it) .
别逗弄那条可怜的狗了（别惹它）。
future
他的未婚妻
his bride-to-be
mothers-to-be (= pregnant women)
准妈妈（孕妇）
auxiliary verb
（与过去分词连用构成被动语态）
used with a past participle to form the passive
He was killed in the war.
他死于这场战争。
Where were they made?
这些是在哪里制造的？
The house was still being built.
房子还在建造中。
You will be told what to do.
会有人告诉你该干什么的。
（与现在分词连用构成进行时）
used with a present participle to form progressive tenses
I am studying Chinese.
我正在学中文。
I'll be seeing him soon.
我很快就要见到他了。
What have you been doing this week?
你这个星期都在做些什么？
I'm always being criticized.
我总是受到批评。
（用于反意疑问句）
used to make question tags (= short questions added to the end of statements)
You're not hungry, are you?
你不饿，对吧？
Ben's coming, isn't he?
本要来，是不是？
The old theatre was pulled down, wasn't it?
老戏院被拆了，对不？
（在被动语态或进行时中代替重复的动词完整形式）
used to avoid repeating the full form of a verb in the passive or a progressive tense
Karen wasn't beaten in any of her games, but all the others were.
卡伦没有输掉任何一场比赛，但所有其他人都输过。
‘Are you coming with us?’ ‘No, I'm not.’
“你和我们一起去吗？”“不，我不了。”
（表示必须或应该）
used to say what must or should be done
I am to call them once I reach the airport.
我一到机场就得给他们打电话。
You are to report this to the police.
你应该报警。
What is to be done about this problem?
该如何处理这个问题？
（表示安排或计划时用）
used to say what is arranged to happen
They are to be married in June.
他们计划于六月份结婚。
（表示后来发生的事）
used to say what happened later
He was to regret that decision for the rest of his life (= he did regret it) .
他终生都将后悔作出了那一决定。
（表示不会或没有发生时用）
used to say what could not or did not happen
Anna was nowhere to be found (= we could not find her anywhere) .
我们到处都找不到安娜。
He was never to see his wife again (= although he did not know it would be so at the time, he did not see her again) .
他注定再也见不到他的妻子了。
She wanted to write a successful novel, but it was not to be (= it turned out never to happen) .
她曾想写一部成功的小说，但从未如愿。
（表述条件）
used to express a condition
If we were to offer you more money, would you stay?
假如我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？
Were we to offer you more money, would you stay?
假如我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？
These are all words that can be used when sth costs a particular amount of money and you need to pay that amount in order to buy, make or do it.以上各词均涉及成本、售价、需付费用。
if sth costs a particular amount of money, you need to pay that amount in order to buy, make or do it指价钱为、需付费：
How much did it cost?
这东西要多少钱？
All these reforms will cost money (= be expensive) .
所有这些改革都要花钱。
This is costing the taxpayer £10 billion a year.
这每年要花费纳税人100亿英镑。
to cost指花费、值：
‘How much is that dress?’ ‘Eighty dollars.’
“那条连衣裙多少钱？”“八十元。”
to be sold at a particular price指售价是、以…价格销售：
The painting sold for £10 000 at auction.
这幅画拍卖了1万英镑。
( business ) to be sold in a shop/store at a particular price指零售价是、以…价格销售：
The book retails at £14.95.
这本书零售价为14.95英镑。
Sell is a more general word than retail which is used mostly in Business English, and only for goods that are sold to the public through shops/stores. |
( informal ) to cost sb a particular amount of money指使某人花费、破费：
The repairs set him back over £200.
修理费花掉他200多英镑。
be
AUXILIARY VERB USES 助动词用法
-
In spoken English, forms of be are often shortened, for example ‘I am’ is shortened to ‘I'm’ and ‘was not’ is shortened to ‘wasn't’.
在英语口语中，be经常使用缩合形式。如，I am 略作 I'm, was not 略作 wasn't。
-
2
AUX （和现在分词连用构成动词的进行式）
You use be with a present participle to form the continuous tenses of verbs.This is happening in every school throughout the country...
全国各地每所学校都在发生这样的事情。
-
3
AUX （和过去分词连用构成被动语态）
You use be with a past participle to form the passive voice.Forensic experts were called in...
法医专家被请来。
-
4
AUX （和不定式连用表示将来的安排或确定会发生的事情）
You use be with an infinitive to indicate that something is planned to happen, that it will definitely happen, or that it must happen.The talks are to begin tomorrow...
谈判将于明天开始。
-
5
AUX （和不定式连用表示在某种情况下会发生什么事，应该怎样做或应该由谁来做）
You use be with an infinitive to say or ask what should happen or be done in a particular situation, how it should happen, or who should do it.What am I to do without him?...
没有他，我该怎么办？
-
6
AUX （was和were和不定式连用，表示说话时间之后发生的事）
You use was and were with an infinitive to talk about something that happened later than the time you are discussing, and was not planned or certain at that time.Then he received a phone call that was to change his life...
然后，他接到一个将改变他一生的电话。
-
7
AUX （表示可见到、可听到、可发现等）
You can say that something is to be seen, heard, or found in a particular place to mean that people can see it, hear it, or find it in that place.Little traffic was to be seen on the streets...
街上车辆很少。
OTHER VERB USES 其他动词用法
-
In spoken English, forms of be are often shortened, for example ‘I am’ is shortened to ‘I'm’ and ‘was not’ is shortened to ‘wasn't’.
在英语口语中，be经常使用缩合形式。如，I am 略作 I'm, was not 略作 wasn't。
-
2
V-LINK （用于提供与主语相关的信息）
You use be to introduce more information about the subject, such as its identity, nature, qualities, or position.She's my mother...
她是我母亲。
-
3
V-LINK （以it作主语，用来进行描述或作出判断）
You use be, with 'it' as the subject, in clauses where you are describing something or giving your judgment of a situation.It was too chilly for swimming...
这时候游泳太冷了。
-
4
V-LINK （与非人称代词there连用构成there is和there are表示存在或发生）
You use be with the impersonal pronoun 'there' in expressions like there is and there are to say that something exists or happens.Clearly there is a problem here...
显然，这里出了个问题。
-
5
V-LINK （表示主语和从句和其他从句结构之间的某种联系）
You use be as a link between a subject and a clause and in certain other clause structures, as shown below.It was me she didn't like, not what I represented...
她不喜欢的是我，而不是我的陈述。
-
6
V-LINK （用在如the thing is和the point is这样的结构中，引导表示陈述或提出观点的从句）
You use be in expressions like the thing is and the point is to introduce a clause in which you make a statement or give your opinion.The fact is, the players gave everything they had...
事实上，选手们尽了全力。
-
7
V-LINK （用在如to be fair, to be honest或to be serious 这样的结构中表示尽量）
You use be in expressions like to be fair ,to be honest, or to be serious to introduce an additional statement or opinion, and to indicate that you are trying to be fair, honest, or serious.She's always noticed. But then, to be honest, Ghislaine likes being noticed...
她总是受到关注。但是说句实在话，吉莱纳喜欢被人关注。
-
8
V-LINK （有时用来代替现在时态中be的几个常规形式，尤用于whether后）
The form 'be' is used occasionally instead of the normal forms of the present tense, especially after 'whether'.The chemical agent, whether it be mustard gas or nerve gas, can be absorbed by the skin.
这类化学制剂，不管是芥子气还是神经瓦斯，都会被皮肤吸收。
-
9
VERB 存在
If something is, it exists.It hurt so badly he wished to cease to be.
他觉得疼痛难忍，恨不得死了算了。
-
10
V-LINK 保持真我；按自己的方式行事；显常态
To be yourself means to behave in the way that is right and natural for you and your personality.She'd learnt to be herself and to stand up for her convictions.
她已经学会了按自己的方式行事，坚持自己的信仰。
-
11
PHRASE 非常；极为
If someone or something is, for example, as happy as can be or as quiet as could be, they are extremely happy or extremely quiet. -
12
PHRASE 如果不是…的话；如果没有…的话
If you talk about what would happen if it wasn't for someone or something, you mean that they are the only thing that is preventing it from happening.I could happily move back into a flat if it wasn't for the fact that I'd miss my garden...
如果不是因为我会想念自己的花园的话，我会很乐意搬回公寓住。
-
13
PHRASE 尽管那样；即便如此
You say 'Be that as it may' when you want to move onto another subject or go further with the discussion, without deciding whether what has just been said is right or wrong.'Is he still just as fat?' — 'I wouldn't know,' continued her mother, ignoring the interruption, 'and be that as it may, he has made a fortune.'
“他还是那么胖吗？”——“我不知道，”她妈妈接着说，没有理睬这一打岔，“就算那样，他已经发财了。”
-
14
PHRASE 身体不舒服；身体不适
If you say that you are not yourself, you mean you are not feeling well.She is not herself. She came near to a breakdown.
她身体不舒服，简直要崩溃了。
verb
-
1
- spend or use time
- I may be an hour
-
2
- work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function
- He is a herpetologist
- She is our resident philosopher
- Synonym: follow
-
3
- have an existence, be extant
- Is there a God?
- Synonym: exist
-
4
- have the quality of being;(copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun)
- John is rich
- This is not a good answer
-
5
- have life, be alive
- Our great leader is no more
- My grandfather lived until the end of war
- Synonym: live
-
6
- be identical to;be someone or something
- The president of the company is John Smith
- This is my house
-
7
- form or compose
- This money is my only income
- The stone wall was the backdrop for the performance
- These constitute my entire belonging
- The children made up the chorus
- This sum represents my entire income for a year
- These few men comprise his entire army
- Synonym: constitute represent make up comprise
-
8
- occupy a certain position or area;be somewhere
- Where is my umbrella?" "The toolshed is in the back
- What is behind this behavior?
-
9
- be identical or equivalent to
- One dollar equals 1,000 rubles these days!
- Synonym: equal
-
10
- represent, as of a character on stage
- Derek Jacobi was Hamlet
- Synonym: embody personify
-
11
- be priced at
- These shoes cost $100
- Synonym: cost
-
12
- to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form
- let her be
-
13
- happen, occur, take place;this was during the visit to my parents' house"
- I lost my walle
- There were two hundred people at his funeral
- There was a lot of noise in the kitchen
数据来源：WordNet
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This will be a problem for some time to come .
这将是未来一段时期里的一个问题。
-
Our first task will be to set up a communications system .
我们的首项任务是架设通信系统。
-
What is the current status of our application for funds ?
我们申请资金目前进展状况如何？
-
When is the best time to ring New York ?
什么时间给纽约打电话最好？
-
At the end of the day we were £ 20 down .
一天下来我们少了20英镑。
-
Your work is just not good enough .
你的工作真是不够好。
-
Be serious for a moment ; this is important .
严肃点儿，这件事很重要。
-
The art collection was his life 's work .
收集艺术品是他一生的工作。
-
The following extract is taken from her new novel .
下面一段摘自她的新小说。
-
A proportion of the land is used for agriculture .
一部分土地作农用。
-
The two companies have been fused into a single organization .
两家公司合并成一个机构。
-
What is she like as a person ?
她的人品怎么样？
-
A trade agreement was concluded between the two countries .
两国之间签署了贸易协定。
-
Failing one exam is not the end of the world .
一次考试不及格并非世界末日。
-
I thought it was a very bad article .
我以为那是一篇很低劣的文章。
-
There was just one small ray of hope .
只有一线希望。
-
A new satellite has been put into orbit around the earth .
一颗新的人造卫星被送上了环绕地球的轨道。
-
Cooperative activity is essential to effective community work .
要把社区工作做好，协作活动是必不可少的。
-
The building is part of our national heritage .
这个建筑是我们民族遗产的一部分。
-
She is still hunting for a new job .
她还在找新工作。
-
There is something special about this place .
这个地方有几分特别。
-
The system is unable to log you on .
这个系统无法让你登录。
-
They were promoted to the First Division last season .
上个赛季他们晋升为甲级队。
-
He was taken to the hospital during the night .
他在夜间被送到医院。
-
English is a compulsory subject at this level .
英语在这一级别是必修科目。
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80 take away 5 is 75 .
80减去5等于75。
-
She is still under investigation .
她仍在接受调查。
-
For reasons of security the door is always kept locked .
为了保证安全，门总是锁着的。
-
Her sole object in life is to become a travel writer .
她人生的唯一目标就是当游记作家。
-
The gap between the two top teams is closing all the time .
两支顶尖队的差距一直在缩小。
除了用作连系动词外，还可表示某物存在或某事发生，常用于正式文体。
to be or not to be
生存还是毁灭
The great empire has ceased to be.
那个伟大的帝国已不复存在了。
Where is the wedding to be?
婚礼在何处举行？
指真实地发生或存在，也可指在困境中生活，不用进行时。
I believe that God exists.
我相信上帝存在。
Salt exists in many things.
许多东西中都含有盐分。
Fish cannot exist without water.
没有水，鱼就不能生存。
He exists on porridge.
他靠稀粥度日。
指生存、存活，或者强调以某种方式过活，可用进行时。
His grandmother lived until she was 105.
他的祖母活到105岁。
Since their marriage, the young couple has been living happily.
结婚之后，这对年轻的夫妻过着幸福的生活。
The local people there have lived through two world wars.
那里的当地居民经历过两次世界大战。
- 习语