布雷顿森林体系

这些定义市场资本主义黄金时代的理念，是在1971年布雷顿森林体系（brettonwoodssystem）的固定汇率崩溃后所留下的真空上建立起来的。

The ideas that defined the golden age of market capitalism were formed in the vacuum left by the collapse of the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates in 1971 .

正当IMF在尼克松冲击（Nixonshock）终结布雷顿森林体系后找到新角色时，我们可能即将迎来一个新的IMF时代。

Just as the IMF found a new role after the Nixon shock ended the Bretton Woods System , a new era for the Fund may be upon us .

那么，布雷顿森林体系II之后又将是什么呢？

So what will follow Bretton Woods II ?

在某些方面，布雷顿森林体系ii理论似乎就像一个巨大的洗钱卡特尔。

In some respects , Bretton Woods II appears like a giant money laundering cartel .

因此，从世界银行（worldbank）传来的消息是可喜的：成员国同意进行增资，让新兴国家在布雷顿森林体系的桌前稍微多拥有一点空间。

So it is welcome that World Bank members have agreed a capital raise giving emerging countries a little more space at the Bretton Woods table .

布雷顿森林体系ii理论认为，这种状况既是人们希望看到的，也是可持续的。

The Bretton Woods II theory says that this state of affairs is both desirable and sustainable .

不难想象，布雷顿森林体系ii可能将以一种无序的方式土崩瓦解。

It is not difficult to imagine a situation in which Bretton Woods II could unravel in a disorderly fashion .

这都要求结束看似非常成功的布雷顿森林体系II。

All of this would require an end to the Bretton Woods II system that has appeared to be so successful .

但这就表明布雷顿森林体系II理论无法再按照其应该运行的方式运行。

However , that suggests that the Bretton Woods II system is no longer working the way it is supposed to work .

对全球其它地区来说，适合“布雷顿森林体系ii”的经济体似乎越来越少。

For the rest of the world , the durability of the Bretton Woods II system seems to suit fewer and fewer economies .

但就像多数续集那样，布雷顿森林体系第二（BrettonWoodsII）也不可能达到接近原著的水准。

But like most sequels , Bretton Woods II is not going to be nearly as good as the original .

我们尚未充分理解这个新时代，但公平地讲，这个新时代不太可能是布雷顿森林体系iii。

We do not yet fully comprehend the new era , but it is fair to say that it is probably not going to be Bretton Woods III.

我们的政治领导人下月将在华盛顿召开布雷顿森林体系II（BrettonWoodsII）峰会。在过度沉迷于重塑资本主义之前，他们应当关注一下迫在眉睫的问题。

Before our political leaders get too fancy remaking capitalism next month at the Bretton Woods II summit in Washington , they should attend to urgent business .

而且，这种风险越来越大，尤其是在“新布雷顿森林体系”（brettonwoodsii，指管理兑美元汇率的做法）建立后。

The risks are also growing , particularly since the emergence of " Bretton Woods II " the practice of managing exchange rates against the dollar .

以积极的态度解决上述问题，并改革旧的布雷顿森林体系（BrettonWoods），就能够开创一种更加可行的世界格局。

A positive resolution of these questions along with reform of the old Bretton Woods arrangements can usher in a more workable world structure .

事实证明，这种观点被称为“特里芬难题”（triffindilemma）具有先见之明：布雷顿森林体系于1971年崩溃。

This view known as the " Triffin Dilemma " proved prescient : the Bretton Woods system fell in 1971 .

但上述条款源自上世纪40年代布雷顿森林体系（brettonwoods）下的全球固定汇率制度当时成立了国际货币基金组织对此进行管理。

But that clause dated from the 1940s Bretton Woods system of fixed global exchange rates , which the IMF was set up to administer .

我猜测，对于透不过气来的欧洲领导人所宣扬的新布雷顿森林体系（BrettonWoods）的结果，一些读者可能会多一些怀疑。

Some readers , I suspect , may be a little more sceptical about the outcome of what breathless European leaders have billed as the new Bretton Woods .

自从1971年布雷顿森林体系（BrettonWoods）之下的固定汇率制度崩溃以来，全球在协同经济方面所做的尝试中，最引人瞩目的一些举措都涉及稳定主要货币汇率。

Since the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates collapsed in 1971 , some of the most high-profile attempts at global co-ordination have involved trying to stabilise major currencies .

早在布雷顿森林体系的缺陷暴露之初，基金组织就于1969年创设了特别提款权（下称SDR），以缓解主权货币作为储备货币的内在风险。

The IMF also created the SDR in1969 , when the defects of the Bretton Woods system initially emerged , to mitigate the inherent risks sovereign reserve currencies caused .

当前的国际货币体系，是二战后建立的布雷顿森林体系（brettonwoods）的遗赠，即各国货币与美元挂钩，而美元与黄金挂钩。

The international monetary system is the remnant of the Bretton Woods system agreed after the Second World War , when currencies were pegged to the dollar and the dollar fixed to gold .

但适合美国的货币政策，非常不适用于中国以及几乎所有与非正式美元区（或者就像一些经济学家所称的布雷顿森林体系2（BrettonWoodsII）挂钩的其它国家。

But the policy appropriate to the US is wildly inappropriate for China and indeed almost all the other countries tied together in the informal dollar zone or , as some economists call it , Bretton Woods II .

尽管在创建新布雷顿森林体系协定、以改革全球经济治理的呼声高涨之际，20国集团（g20）会议的召开非常仓促，但它仍可以发挥重要作用。

Although the group of 20 gathering has been thrown together at short notice , amid inflated talk about constructing a new Bretton Woods Agreement to reform global economic governance , it can still play a valuable role .

但这一规则起草于布雷顿森林体系（BrettonWoods）下的全球固定汇率制度时期，在围绕货币公允价值估值存在巨大不确定性的今天，将极难实施。

But that law , written at a time of the Bretton Woods global fixed exchange rate system , would be extremely hard to apply today given the huge uncertainties around estimates of fair value for currencies .

设立gleco还将解决更新布雷顿森林体系规则和机构的要求。

The establishment of Gleco would also address the need to update the rules and institutions of Bretton Woods .

自布雷顿森林体系崩溃后，G-3汇率波动成为世界经济不稳定的一个重要原因。

Since the collapse of Bretton woods system , G-3 exchange rate volatility has become one of the important reasons of the world economy instability .

在布雷顿森林体系瓦解之后，西方大国为应对上世纪70年代资本主义经济恶化，形成了G7机制，这一机制是以西方大国经济利益为轴心的单一治理模式。

After the disintegration of Bretton Woods system , to deal with the depression of capitalistic economy in 1970s , the Western countries establish the system of G7 which is a unilateral mode and which focus on the economic interest of Western countries .

布雷顿森林体系中，黄金-美元成为国际货币制度的基础。

Dollar got to be the foundation of international currency system .

致使旧的布雷顿森林体系宣告结束。

This brought an end to the old Bretton Woods System .

布雷顿森林体系是美法支付矛盾产生的历史根源；

Bretton Woods was the historical root of this conflict .