基粒片层

遮荫可使生姜叶片的SLW、厚度、细胞和叶绿体大小及其数量呈变小或减少的趋势，而遮荫后叶绿体的基粒片层、比基粒片层、淀粉粒数则呈较大幅度的增加。

Among 0-80 % shade range , SLW , thickness , cells size , chloroplast size and its numbers of ginger leaves decreased as shading extent increased , but grana lamella number , special grana lamella number , and numbers of starch grains increased with shading extent increase .

yl突变体是一个叶绿素b减少型的突变体，在整个生长发育期间始终表现为浅黄色的叶色表型，其叶绿体类囊体膜和基粒片层较野生型显著减少。

Yl mutant was a Chl b deficient mutant and showed yellow color phenotype at the whole developmental stages . The thylakoid membranes in the chloroplasts from yl mutant leaves were much less than those of wild-type , especially in the grana lamella contents .

叶绿体高基粒片层逐渐减小。

Cell chloroplast density and higher granum lamellae decreased as well .

而缺锌处理时叶绿体基粒片层排列松散、数目明显减少，质体小球明显增多。

Under Zn deficiency , the thylakoid lamella of chloroplast was loosely distributed with less lamella , but the platoglobuli number was increased .

叶绿体的体积较小、呈梭形，叶绿体的基粒片层排列紧密。具较薄的周壁，在高倍放大的情况下呈颗粒或杆状。

The like-shuttle chloroplast was small , with tightly stacking lamellae of grana . Perispore thin , consist of rodlets or grana in high magnification .

结果表明：毒素导致叶绿体内膜系统破坏，基粒片层解体，叶绿体形成泡囊；

Results indicated that tabtoxin made the endomembrane system of the chloroplast be destroyed , the grana lamellae be disorganized and the chloroplast form vesicles .

遮光后叶绿体内细胞中胞质出现了一定程度的浓缩和周缘化，但类囊体与基粒片层结构尚为完整。

There was a certain degree of concentration and periphery in cytoplasmic of chloroplast cell under shading , but thylakoid and lamella structure of grana were almost complete .

低温后叶绿体依然呈椭圆形，类囊体基粒片层和基质片层跺叠整齐，沿叶绿体的长轴平行排列，均匀分布于叶绿体中。

After low temperature , the chloroplast was ellipse , and grana lamellae and stroma lamellae of thylakoid arranged regularly and parallel-aligned among long axis of chloroplast , distributed uniformly in chloroplast .

电镜观察发现，毒素还引起组织超微结构发生显著变化，包括叶绿体膜上出现电子致密度高的沉积物，基粒片层肿胀，排列紊乱；

It has been also observed that toxin results in the obvious change in ultrastructure of wheat leaf , including dilated , disorganized and vacuolated grana lamellae , vacuolated mitochondrion and high density electron deposition located on the chloroplast membrane .

正常绿色叶鞘细胞中叶绿体数量较多，有明显的类囊体基粒片层结构，类囊体垛叠整齐规则，排列紧凑，而且可以观察到完整的叶绿体双层膜结构，以及内部相互连接的基粒类囊体。

Normal green leaf cells have more chloroplast , apparent thylakoid grana slice layer structure , tidy and compact thylakoids , as well as complete chloroplasts double membrane and grana thylakoids with internal mutual connection which could be observed . 5 .

冷胁迫导致叶绿体结构变形，基粒片层松散无序，叶绿体膜受到严重损伤，冷胁迫后受伤的膜系统不能立即修复，反而受损伤程度加重。

The chloroplast structure were changed , the grana lamella become loose and disorder under cold stress , and the chloroplast membrane was injured seriously under cold stress . Furthermore , the damage to membrane system was increased instead of repaired .

而转基因植株叶片中的叶绿体结构变化不大，嗜锇体相对有所增加，但体积较小，大部分基粒类囊体片层结构仍然排列整齐，少数类囊体垛叠化丧失。

Whereas in transgenic rice , only the number of osmiophilic granules increased and most grana-thylakoid lamellae arranged in order .

维管束鞘细胞和平脉叶肉细胞中叶绿体数目较少、体积小、基质较稀疏，叶绿体基粒及片层结构较简单。

The chloroplasts in vascular bundle sheath cells ( VB ) and paraveinal mesophyll cells ( PVM ) are small in number and in size , thin with stroma , and simple with grana structure .

盐胁迫后，叶绿体基粒、基质片层扭曲，类囊体肿胀；

Under salt stress , thylakoids became swollen , stroma lamella and grana lamella of chloroplast were distorted ;

不施氮肥处理，玉米穗叶叶绿体和细胞壁破裂解体，线粒体内外膜和脊模糊，基粒和基质片层结构膨胀，导致叶片的叶绿素含量下降、光合能力降低而出现早衰。

Control ( no fertilizer ) treatment ruptured ear of the Leaf and the disintegration of the cell wall , mitochondrial membrane and ridges within and outside the fuzzy , grana and stroma lamellae swell , causing the decline in chlorophyll content , photosynthetic capacity decreased and premature aging occurs .

光照0℃低温条件下的叶绿体基粒和间质片层排列方向略微改变，趋于一致。

The arrangement direction of grana and chloroplasts lamella changed little and became uniform after the seedlings were treated at 0 ℃ in light .

结果表明：正常条件下的黄瓜幼苗，叶绿体结构完整，基粒多，基粒片层排列紧密，整个膜系统完整。

The results showed that in normal growth conditions , the grana lamella in cucumber seedlings leaves were arranged regularly with more grana , chloroplast structure and the whole membrane system was complete .

幼叶细胞的叶绿体发育分化减慢、基质类囊体形成滞后、基粒数及基粒类囊体片层减少；

The deceleration of differentiation and growth of the chloroplast in young leaf cells , the retardation in forming thylakoid , the decrease of the grana numbers and thylakoid lamella ;

突变体叶绿素含量为野生型58%的黄绿植株与其突变亲本叶绿体超微结构无明显差异，基质类囊体与基粒类囊体高度分化，基粒数目以及基粒片层数目较多；

Yellowish-green plants whose chlorophyll content was 58 % of the wild type did not obviously differed in chloroplast ultra-structure from the parent , but their stroma-thylakoids and granum-thylakoids were highly differentiated and their granum and grana lamellae were relatively plentiful ;