人力资本专用性

第二部分，高新技术企业中的人力资本专用性及其对公司治理的影响。

On the basis of that , it has explained the influence of specific human capital on corporate governance .

纵向一体化可以很好地解决物质资本的专用性问题，然而对人力资本专用性造成的“套牢”无能为力。

Vertical integration can effectively resolve the problem of physical capital specificity , but it is helpless to resolve the hold up problem of human capital specificity .

人力资本专用性投资与知识型企业治理设计

Firm-Specific Human Capital Investment and the Governance of Knowledge-Based Enterprises

知识管理与人力资本专用性投资

Appropriative Investment of Knowledge Management and Manpower Capital

第一，得到了经济学中的激励约束理论的启发，本文运用增强人力资本专用性的方法解决了强化造价工程师执业风险约束的问题。

At first , it develops the controlling methods to the professional risks from the human capital theory by the illumination of incentive-restraint mechanism .

对人力资本专用性投资的计量，包括对人力资本专用性投资程度的计量和对人力资本专用性投资绩效的计量。

Second , the process measuring agent 's specific investment with her human capital , including the degree on specific investment and investment performance measuring .

最后本文认为，在企业实践中，契约化的所有权安排和非契约化的进入权的配合使用能够更好地促进人力资本专用性投资。

Lastly , we think that in management practice the mix of ownership arrangement and access distribution could be most effective to promote specific investment of human capital .

具体而言，大学的特点可以从两个方面加以界定，其一是非营利性，其二是内部人员的人力资本专用性。

Concretely , the characteristics of the university can be defined into two aspects , one is nonprofit , the other is the human capital specialization of the internal personnel .

军事人力资本专用性程度和工作可分割性的不同影响军队组织的治理方式。

The degree of the specificity of the military human capital and the difference of the severability of the work has an effect on the governance mode of the military .

借鉴企业绩效管理的经验和方法，可以弥补政府绩效评估指标体系构建经验和方法上的不足。高参与工作系统与企业绩效：人力资本专用性和环境动态性的影响

The theories and methods of private company performance evaluation can be used for reference by government . Between the Heavy-involvement Work System and Company Performance : the Effect of Specific Utilization of Human Capital upon the Dynamic of Environment

论人力资本的专用性与企业制度

On the Specialty of Human Capital and Enterprise System

人力资本的专用性及其制度设计

The Speciality of Human Capital and Its Institutional Design

根据人力资本的专用性程度，可以把人力资本分为一般性人力资本、专业性人力资本和特质性人力资本。

According to the degree of its specialization , we can divide it into general , professional and specialized human capital .

本文认为，知识的学习和创造的过程实际上也是人力资本的专用性投资的过程。

This text considers , the course of learning and creating knowledge is the course of appropriative investment of manpower capital actually .

降低甄选成本以及增强劳动者的个体差异性和人力资本的专用性是控制歧视的有效方法。

Reducing the selection costs , enhancing the differences between individual laborers and the specialty of human capital are the most effective way to control discrimination .

从社会分工、人力资本的专用性、人力资本的群体性等方面分析了人力资本参与企业收入分配的一般作用机制。

From many respectives including social division of labor , the specialty of the human capital and the mass work of the human capital , the dissertation gives an analysis of the general function system of the involvement of human capital in the distribution of the enterprise income .

从资本的专用性及专有性的角度来探讨农村人力资本的专用性特征，以新的角度对农村人力资本谈判能力有一个全新的认识，为分析农村人力资本的投资提供新的思维框架。

In this article , the countryside human capital was discussed under the capital specificity specification characteristic . It enabled us to have a brand-new understanding to the present situation of countryside human capital , provide a new thought frame for the analysis of the countryside human capital investment .

人力资本由于其专用性使其具有特殊的垄断力。

Human capital possesses a unique monopoly power due to its specialty .

也就是说，企业的员工可能凭借其人力资本的资产专用性要挟企业，即通常所讲的敲竹杠问题。

In more words it means employees hold up enterprises using assets specificity of their human capital .

如果人力资本不能用于专用性的生产投入，其所有者收入会大幅下降。

If human capital cannot be used for the specific investment , its owner 's revenue will dramatically decreases .

从狭义角度还可以认为，通用性人力资本投资与专用性人力资本投资，就是贝克尔所划分的通用性培训和专用性培训。

Narrow angle is that general human capital investment and specific human capital investment is Becker division of versatility training and Specificity training .

第三部分分别讨论了在一般性人力资本投资和专用性人力资本投资这两种情况下，企业通过向员工转嫁投资成本而降低投资风险的可能性。

The third part discusses the possibility that the enterprise shift the cost of human capital investment to staff in order to reduce the risk of investment .

人力资本的团队专用性和中心签约代理人这两个概念或变量可能是控制企业剩余的权力基础和来源。

The two conceptions or variables , the team specialty of human capital and the central contract agent , might be the power base and the source of the remains of controlling the enterprises .

金融业属于知识密集型的服务行业，同业产品、服务的无差异性以及人力资本的非专用性决定了金融业的竞争归根结底取决于人力资本的竞争。

The financial services industry is knowledge-intensive service industries , no difference in products and services , the non-exclusives in human capital determine the competition in the final services industry , which depend on the competitiveness of human capital .

文章通过一个套牢模型分析了在创业者的人力资本专有性向专用性转化过程中，风险资本家和创业者之间双边承诺问题的产生，解释了分阶段投资解决这一问题的作用机理。

The paper analyzes the bilateral commitment dilemma between venture capitalist and entrepreneur , which arises from the transformation of specific human capital to exclusive human capital of entrepreneur , and explains the mechanism for staged financing to solve this dilemma .

基于资产的专有专用性及企业治理模式的相关分析，可以清晰地得到这样一个规律：职业经理人的变迁是随着人力资本的专有专用性程度的不断提升以及企业治理模式的不断演化而进行的。

Base on the analysis of particularity and speciality of assets and corporation governance model , we can get such a rule clearly that the change is carrying with the raising of particularity and speciality of assets and the evolving of corporation governance model .

专用性人力资本由于其具有专用性资产的这些特性，使得其在投资过程中会产生套牢问题，阻碍了其有效的投资水平。

Because of its special characteristics , making it have a hold-up problem during the investment process , and this also made a serious impediment to the effective level of investment .

完善的人力资本产权能增加专用性人力资本投资，进而影响知识的积累与创新，最终形成服务业跨国公司发展过程所需的核心竞争力，推动服务业跨国公司进一步成长。

It shows that human capital property can increase the investment of human capital , influence the knowledge accumulation and innovation , finally form the core competitiveness which is needed for the service MNCs development , promote the service MNCs further growth .

直接针对分歧焦点指出，在民营科技企业发展的不同阶段人力资本和非人力资本的专用性是不同的，由此得出：公司治理的目标要用动态的眼光来看待。

The specific of human capital and that of material capital is different in different stage of civilian-owned high-tech enterprises . Accordingly , the target of corporate governance should be treated with dynamic view .

基于进入权的企业专用性人力资本激励研究论人力资本的专用性与企业制度

Encouraging the specific investment of human capital in firms & An analysis on access theory On the Specialty of Human Capital and Enterprise System