级联反应

程序性细胞死亡（Programmedcelldeath，PCD）是一主动性细胞自杀过程，是细胞内部基因引导的一系列精密生化级联反应的结果。

Apoptosis is the terminal phenomenon of gene-induced biological cascade reaction and a morphological term for programmed cell death ( PCD ) .

雄激素通过激活雄激素受体（AR），一方面引发级联反应，导致前列腺癌的形成。

The androgen initiates cascade reaction via the activation of androgen receptor to lead to form the prostate cancer .

[结论]NF-κB与IL-6是脑缺血再灌注损伤炎症级联反应和细胞凋亡过程中重要的炎性细胞因子。

Conclusions : NF - k B and IL-6 may play an important role in ischemia reperfusion injury .

结论体外循环触发炎症反应内部存在一系列复杂的级联反应，NF-κB在之中起中心作用。

Conclusion A complex sequence of acute phase reaction exists in cardiopulmonary bypass-induced inflammatory response , in which NF - κ B plays a central role .

Caspase-3是凋亡级联反应的最终效应蛋白酶，参与凋亡降解过程中重要底物的剪切，最终导致细胞死亡。

Caspase - 3 is a key effector protein in the apoptosis protease cascade .

MAPK级联反应逐级磷酸化将胞外信号放大并传递。

MAPK cascades amplify and transfer extracellular signals through phosphorylation step by step .

B-SAg能刺激B细胞产生大量免疫球蛋白，激活体液免疫反应和补体级联反应并可特异性诱导B细胞凋亡。

Humoral response , receptor mediated cascade reaction and specific B cell apoptosis can be induced by B SAg .

斑块破裂伴随血小板及血液凝固级联反应的激活是ACS的主要病理生理机制。

Plaques rupture with platelets and blood coagulation cascade activation is ACS pathological physiological mechanism .

许多酪氨酸激酶都可以通过刺激信号级联反应激活丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路。目前已发现至少四种类型的MAPK途径在不同的生物反应中发挥作用。

Many tyrosine kinases stimulate signaling cascades that lead to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) pathways .

GLU与突触后神经元膜上的受体相结合，导致钠离子和钙离子内流，引起一系列的生物化学级联反应。

Glutamate binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuronal membrane to activate the influx of sodium and calcium .

机械损伤、化学因子及微量的病原体细胞壁成分均能激活昆虫PPO级联反应。

Mechanical injury , chemical factor and the components of the cell wall of pathogens can activate the PPO cascade .

TRAIL、Fas、TNF等因子可激活Caspase级联反应，最终导致Caspase-3的活化并诱导细胞凋亡。

TRAIL , Fas , TNF and otherwise factor can activate Caspase cascade , finally initiate the activating of Caspase-3 and induce cell apoptosis .

在CBP治疗过程中，血液与循环回路材料接触，激活凝血因子，启动凝血级联反应。

Blood get in touch with materials of extracorporeal circulation which activate thrombotic factors and coagulation cascade .

另外，许多炎性因子可激活ICAM-1蛋白表达，导致炎症的级联反应。

In addition , a great deal of inflammatory factors can activate the expression of ICAM-1 protein and lead to inflammatory cascade reaction .

以上结果表明，阴道超声辐照后，激活凋亡执行蛋白Caspase－3介导的人早孕绒毛细胞凋亡级联反应。

We show that exposure to transvaginal ultrasound activates effector caspase-3 mediated apoptotic cascade of chorionic villi in the first-trimester pregnancy .

细胞凋亡的发生是一个复杂的由caspase家族成员介导的蛋白酶级联反应过程。

Apoptosis is a complex cascade of cellular suicide , and induced mainly by the activation of proteases of caspase family .

Ras是一个原癌基因，具有GTPase活性，通过受体酪氨酸激酶激活信号传导级联反应。

The Ras is a proto-oncogene , have GTPase activity , through receptor tyrosine kinases activate signaling cascade .

结论：6-OHDA诱导去DA能神经元支配大鼠PD模型纹状体内多种分子发生了变化，提示该部位可能发生了一系列的级联反应，参与DA神经元变性死亡的过程。

Conclusion : Complicated molecular events generated in striatum following 6-OHDA damage , which revealed that a seried reactions involve in degeneration and die of DA neuron .

这些炎症介质和氧化物的产生会导致Ap的进一步聚积，从而将细胞内炎症因子介导的级联反应进一步扩大，使之进入恶性循环。

These inflammatory mediators and the oxide will lead to further accumulation of A β in the inflammatory factor-mediated intracellular cascade reaction to further expand into a vicious cycle .

TNF-a参与的炎症瀑布性级联反应，是化脓性脑膜炎患儿出现并发症的主要原因之一。

TNF-a involved in the inflammatory cascade is one of the main reasons for complication in children with purulent meningitis . 3 .

许多癌症治疗方法，如EGFR抑制因子，靶向激酶-酶蛋白，而这些蛋白能启动新号级联反应而使细胞繁殖。

Many cancer therapeutics , such as EGFR inhibitors , target proteins that are kinases & enzymes that initiate a cascade of signals that tell cells to reproduce .

AP-1作为对外界信号发生反应的转录因子而且位于信号级联反应的末端，使外界信号和细胞功能之间建立起一定的联系。

AP-1 which locat in the end of cascade of signal pathway is a bridge of external stimulus and cell function .

结论GLUT基因表达上调对于维持脑组织能量供给、延迟由能量衰竭引起的级联反应有重要意义。

Conclusion The increased expression of GLUT genes can maintain the energy supplement for the brain and delay a cascade reaction of cerebral energy failure .

C-repeatBindingFactor（CBF）基因是冷诱导转录级联反应的调节子，该基因的过表达植株表现出抗寒性的增强。

The C-repeat binding factor ( Cbf ) genes , which are regulators of the cold-induced transcriptional cascade , have been shown to increase freezing tolerance when over-expressed in transgenic plants .

而最近的实验结果表明：哺乳动物细胞中MAPK级联反应可以在一定的条件下由分布型磷酸化过渡到过程型磷酸化反应。

Recently , an experimental result shows that the kinetics mechanism of the MAPK cascade in mammalian cells can convert distributive phosphorylation into the processive phosphorylation under certain conditions .

结论：TSA诱导A549细胞凋亡中caspase-8、caspase-9介导caspase-3的活化，TSA通过caspase级联反应诱导A549细胞凋亡。

Conclusions : TSA induced caspase-8 and caspase-9-mediated caspase-3 activation during apoptosis of A549 cells . TSA induces the apoptosis of A549 cells via caspase cascade pathway .

在调节细胞能量状态的蛋白激酶级联反应中，AMP激活的蛋白激酶（AMPK）是其中枢组成部分。

AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK is a central component of a protein kinase cascade that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of intracellular energy status .

结论甘露醇可能通过影响炎症损伤级联反应的多个环节，抑制CEC、IL-8等多种效应因子的产生和表达，从而对ALI发挥防治作用。

Conclusion Mannitol has a protective effect on rabbits with ALI through effecting various cascade reaction of inflammatory injury and down regulating of the generation and expression of CEC and IL-8 .

许多研究表明BDNF对限制脑缺血后分解代谢产物所产生的损伤级联反应有重要作用。

Many studies suggested that BDNF can limit the cascade of dam-age following brain ischemia , up to now , people have studied the ex-pression of BDNF mRNA in MCAO models .

近国外有研究表明，SCI后损伤区多种促炎性细胞因子、趋化因子也明显上调，使SCI后炎症级联反应扩大，加重对损伤脊髓的损害。

It has been reported that proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were also up-regulated significantly at the lesion site after SCI , which augmented the inflammation cascade reaction and aggravated the injury of the spinal cord .