竞争者导向

市场营销观念有两个导向：消费者导向和竞争者导向。

There are two orientations for marketing theory : customer orientation and competitor orientation .

市场导向由顾客导向、竞争者导向、跨部门协调组成。

The market-orientated strategy divides into customer orientation , competitor orientation , and interfunctional coordination .

竞争者导向无助于医院财务绩效的提高，而对社会绩效的提高有不利影响。

Employee orientation is also correlated to financial performance and social performance .

顾客导向与竞争者导向的聚合与兼容

Aggregation and consistence of client-oriented and competitor-oriented

结果医生、护士的顾客导向明显高于竞争者导向和跨部门合作；

Result The customer orientation of doctors and nurses is apparently higher than competitor orientation and cross-department cooperation ;

对它们进行比较和层次区分得出：竞争差异化营销和定位差异化营销主要是竞争者导向型营销战略，同时两者之间又是一种表和里的层次关系；

The comparison and differentiation of these four concepts shows that competitive and positioning differentiated marketing belong to competitor-oriented marketing strategy and there is a " surface-inner " relationship between the two concepts .

中国企业的产品创新：从竞争者驱动到顾客导向

The Current Situation and Trend in Product Innovation of Chinese Enterprises : From Imitation Based Competition Orientation to Customer Orientation