棘轮效应

信息不对称导致了代理成本和棘轮效应的产生；

Asymmetric information gives rise to agent cost and the ratchet effect .

基于相互信任系统的无穷期棘轮效应模型研究

Research on Ratchet Effect Model of Infinite Stages Based on Mutually-trust System

316L不锈钢的单轴棘轮效应

On the ratchetting effects of 316L stainless steel under uniaxial loading

考虑棘轮效应对疲劳寿命影响的Coffin模型，当棘轮变形较大时，预测结果偏于不安全。

Coffin model , which combines ratcheting and cyclic strain , presentes the fatigue life predictions on non-conservative side if the ratcheting deformation is large .

对在不同温度和应力状态下MDYB-3有机玻璃的棘轮效应进行了实验和分析。

The ratcheting behaviors of MDYB-3 PMMA during the fatigue under different temperatures were experimentally investigated .

比例及非比例应力循环加载条件下的棘轮效应研究

A study of ratchetting behaviour under proportional and nonproportional cyclic stressing

轴向压应力作用下薄壁筒壳双轴热棘轮效应机理研究

Mechanism of biaxial thermal ratcheting deformation in thin-walled cylindrical shells

内压弯管在面内循环弯曲载荷作用下棘轮效应的研究

Ratcheting Study of Pressurized Elbows Subjected to Reversed In-plane Bending

内压直管对称循环弯曲棘轮效应实验研究

Experimental study on the ratcheting of pressurized straight pipes subjected to reversed bending

材料在循环载荷作用下产生的塑性变形的逐渐累积现象称为棘轮效应。

The ratcheting of materials corresponds to progressive inelastic deformation under cyclic stressing .

棘轮效应预测及其循环本构模型研究进展

Research advances of ratcheting effects and cyclic constitutive models

它们是棘轮效应驱动下的产物。

They have been driven by a ratchet effect .

第二，验证了预算棘轮效应对预算松弛有一定的促进作用。

Secondly , it verifies budget ratchet has certain stimulative effect on budget slack .

这种标准随业绩上升而不断提高的趋向被称为棘轮效应。

The standards rise with the increasing performance . This trend is called ratchet effect .

热棘轮效应模拟试验方法

Testing Method for Simulating Thermal Ratcheting

在经历了几个世纪人类破坏的棘轮效应后，加勒比珊瑚礁面临了三种命运。

And after centuries of ratcheting human pressure , Caribbean reefs met one of three fates .

高分子材料日益广泛的应用，使其时相关棘轮效应在结构安全和寿命评估方面具有越来越重要的作用。

Time-dependent ratcheting of polymer materials is of great importance in the safety design and life assessment of structures .

经营者的努力水平不仅来自于显性报酬契约的激励，还来自于两种隐性激励&声誉效应和棘轮效应的影响。

The manager 's effort comes from the explicit incentive and two implicit incentives ( the reputation effect and ratchet effect ) .

棘轮效应给结构安全设计和寿命评估带来严峻挑战，因而已经引起了国内外学者的广泛重视。

Ratcheting effect is very important to the safety design and life assessment of engineering structures , and has been widely studied .

棘轮效应是委托代理关系中委托人与代理人追求目标发生冲突时产生的一种现象。

The ratchet effect is a phenomenon induced in conflict between entruster and agent who pursue different objectives in the entrustment-agency relation .

当棘轮效应的影响大于声誉效应时，契约对约束委托代理双边道德风险是有效的。

Moreover , only under circumstance when ratchet effect overwhelms reputation effect , can the contract be effective in prevent double moral hazard .

但是，对金属材料的棘轮效应，尤其是材料的高温非比例多轴棘轮效应进行准确的预测仍是一个很大的挑战。

However , the accurate prediction of ratcheting for metallic materials is still a challenge , especially for the multiaxial ratcheting at high temperature .

这些发现从另一方面说明，管理层并没有将预算棘轮效应和盈余管理组合起来以控制业绩。

The findings illustrate from the other side that management group do not control achievement by combining the budget ratchet effect with earnings management .

第三，本文验证了预算棘轮效应与声誉机制的共同存在将会使预算松弛产生的可能性显著地增加。

Thirdly , it verifies the co-existence of reputation mechanism and budget ratchet effect will make the possibility of budget slack producing significantly increased .

结果表明，温度循环在焊点内部导致应力循环，应力循环导致热棘轮效应，即非弹性应变累积；

Analysis results show that temperature cycling leads to stress cycling and the later leads to thermal ratchetting effect and the accumulation of inelastic strain .

政府政策偏向容易产生排挤效应与棘轮效应，加剧市场竞争地位的不平等。

Fourth , policy preference conduce to bring crowding-out effect and ratchet wheel effect , and worsens the inequalities in competition positions of different market enterprises .

只有当报酬方案与预算棘轮效应联系起来，我们才需要关心预算棘轮效应才对管理层行为的影响。

Only when the reward design is associated with the budget ratchet effect , we then need to concern about the influence of budget ratchet effect towards management actions .

事实上棘轮效应和热力学第二定律有着密切的关联，对棘轮效应的研究也加深了人么对热力学第二定律的认识。

In fact there is a closed relationship between them , and researches in ratchet effect has helped to deepen our outstanding of the second law of thermodynamics from .

棘轮效应是在非对称应力控制循环加载下塑性变形的循环累积。

When the structure components are subjected to a cyclic stressing with non-zero mean stress , a cyclic accumulation of inelastic deformation will occur , which is called ratcheting .

本文将以转型经济中两类重要的可信承诺问题软预算约束问题和棘轮效应问题的有关模型研究来说明我们的观点。

The article presents view points through analyzing the models related to two important issues of credible commitments in a transitional economy , soft budget constraints and ratchet effects .