有效灌溉

结果表明：近20年太湖流域GDP年均增长率为11.6%，城市化率提高31个百分点，工业总产值增长了13倍，作物播种面积和有效灌溉面积逐年减少；

The annual growth rate of GDP reached 11.6 % , the rate of urbanization increased 31 % and the gross output value of industry increased 13 times . However , the crop area and effectively irrigated area decreased year after year .

辽宁省共有大型灌区9处，有效灌溉面积35.7万hm2。传统的灌区水资源管理模式，使有限的水资源得不到合理的开发利用，造成了水资源的极大浪费。

There are 9 large-scale irrigation area in LiaoNing provine , effective irrigation area is 357,000 hm2 . The traditional irrigation management mode , make the limited water resource unable to get rational utilization , have caused the water resource wasting greatly .

Granger因果关系检验表明水利建设投资与农林牧渔业产值之间存在着双向因果关系，同时有效灌溉面积比值增长也是引起农村居民家庭人均纯收入增长的原因。

Granger causality tests show that there is a double-direction causality relationship between investment of conservancy construction and agricultural output value . And the increase of the rate of effective irrigated areas was also a reason for the increase of net income of the rural families .

目前，全国已建成大中型灌区5600多处，小型农村水利工程2000万处，全国有效灌溉面积发展到0.5667亿hm2，农田灌排工程体系已初具规模。

At present , more than 5600 large and medium-sized irrigations and 20 million small-scale Irrigation Works in Rural Areas have been built . The effective irrigation area is developing into billion 0.5667 hm2 . Farmland irrigation and drainage engineering system has already begun to take shape .

典型的有效灌溉面积预测方法简介

The Summary of Method of Typical Prediction on Effective Irrigation Area

有效灌溉面积、农用机械总动力等指标作为粮食综合生产能力影响因素。

As the index signes of the food comprehensive produce ability .

说明该区域农田有效灌溉程度低，工业用水效率不高，水资源开发利用程度低，水利建设难以满足社会经济发展的需要；

Water conservancy construction is not satisfied with the development of society and economy .

而有效灌溉面积的增减又是强烈影响粮食产量增减的重要因素。

Food production is largely influenced by the increase or decrease in the effective irrigation area .

加强农业基础设施建设，发展节水农业，提高有效灌溉面积率。

The enhancement agriculture infrastructure construction , the development saving water agriculture , enhances the effective irrigated area rate .

对水资源供需状况、有效灌溉面积两个支撑经济发展的关键因素进行了分析评价，提出了若干适宜指标。

The paper assesses the two key factors , supplying and demanding status of water resources , that supports economy development .

农田有效灌溉面积和粮食作物播种面积对粮食总产量有重要影响；

The effective irrigated area and the grain sown area are very important factors , which is more and more important ;

建成灌区5608处，有效灌溉面积2206万公顷。

In addition , 5,608 irrigation areas were completed , with the coverage of effectively irrigated farmland totaling 22.06 million hectares .

有效灌溉面积、实际机耕面积、化肥施用量、农村用电量和农机总动力等农业投入对粮食产量提高影响重大；

There was significant correlation between effective irrigated area , the amount of fertilizer applied , mechanical power and the grain yield .

然而，近几年来持续的旱灾却使得该地区农业生产的有效灌溉得不到基本保障。

However , in recent years , continuous and destructive droughts have caused that irrigation water for agricultural production cannot be supplied .

结果显示：粮食单位面积产量、有效灌溉面积、农业机械化程度对粮食总产量的影响较大。

It was found that the yield , irrigated area and mechanization in agriculture were the most important factors affecting the production .

仿真表明，地下水埋深控制在5.5米内，有效灌溉面积可达到76%。

The result of simulation indicates that the effective irrigation area can reach 76 percent while the groundwater level from the ground level is controlled within 5.5m .

我国现有有效灌溉面积约占全国耕地面积的50%左右，却生产全国80%的粮食。

The effective irrigation area is about 50 percent of the total land , but 80 percent of the total crop yeild is provided by these irrigated land .

结果显示：影响新疆粮食产量的前四位因素依次是有效灌溉面积、耕地面积、单产和第一产业劳动力；

The result indicates that the top four factors , influencing Xinjiang grain output cover efficient irrigated area , tilled-land area , per-unit yield and primary industrial labor force ;

以农业灌溉量为研究对象，将其看作灌区有效灌溉面积、年降雨量、粮食总产量的非线性函数，并利用神经网络和灰色预测等方法对其进行预测；

The agricultural irrigation quantity to be a research object , make it as a nonlinear function of effective irrigation area , yearly rainfall and grain output , and forecast it by using nerve network and gray forecasting ;

农机总动力、农田有效灌溉面积和农村用电量等成倍增长，农业装备水平明显提高，农业生产条件有了较大改善。

The total horsepower of farm machinery , the effective irrigated area of farmland and rural power consumption have increased by several times , and the agricultural equipment level has increased significantly , which has greatly improved the conditions of agricultural production .

稳定耕地面积，增加有效灌溉面积，提高农村劳动力生产率，优化资源配置，是增加陕西粮食产量的主要途径。

In order to increase the grain output of Shaanxi province , it is suggested that more efforts should be put to stabilize farming areas , increase effective irrigation areas , promote the transfer of agricultural labor force , and optimize resource collocation .

其中农机总动力和有效灌溉面积对山西农业经济发展的影响不断增强，农村用电量对农业经济发展的影响力减弱，化肥用量的影响在不同时期变化较大。

Farm machinery gross power and the effective irrigated area strengthen unceasingly to the Shanxi agricultural economy development influence , the countryside electricity consumption is weaken to the agricultural economy development influence , the chemical fertilizer amount used influence is big in the different time change .

对近几十年来得到广泛应用的有效灌溉面积的预测方法做了全面地总结归纳，从预测原理、建模方式、适用条件和应用中的优点和不足等方面进行了阐述。

This article made a comprehensive summary and presentation to the forecasting method which has been widespread applied in recent several dozens years , and expatiated this forecasting method from several aspects such as forecasting theory , modeling method , suitable condition , application merit and insufficiency , etc.

算例表明，EGA能有效解决灌溉渠道断面和排水沟（管）道的优化设计问题，且具有计算效率高、解的精度好等优点，在农业灌排系统优化设计中具有较高的实用性。

The results of several calculation examples show that EGA is an effective algorithm in solving the optimization problem of canal and drainage section design with good properties such as high efficiency , high precision and applicable to most of the complex optimization problems in irrigation and drainage system design .

滴灌是一种最有效的灌溉方式，有助于提高水肥的利用效率。

Drip irrigation is considered to be the most efficient irrigation method , which can maximize water and nitrogen use efficiency .

过滤器是保证滴灌系统正常运行的关键设备，能有效清除灌溉水中各种杂质，避免灌水器堵塞，提高滴灌系统的灌水质量和运行效率。

Filter is the key equipment in the irrigation system , which can remove all kinds of impurities to avoid clogging of emitter . It can improve irrigation quality and operation efficiency .

结果表明，利用科学的灌溉阈值，抓住关键的灌溉时期，确定有效的灌溉范围和经济的灌溉量，就可以较少的水分投入获取较高的林木生长量。

The results showed that it could get more growth of trees with less water and achieve water saving irrigation by means of scientific soil moisture threshold and taking the key season and define the effective range and economic quantity for irrigation .

在此基础上，建立了水楔前进率，土壤吸水性能与其他水力特性等的关系，用以设计和管理有效的灌溉系统和间接地减少土壤盐碱化。

On the basis of the resulting equations , the relationship between the rate of advance of the water front , the intake characteristics of the soil , and other hydraulic features are developed for designing and operating irrigation systems effectively and to help reducing soil salinity .

表明分根交替灌溉是烤烟有效的节水灌溉方式。

It was suggested that root-divided alternative irrigation be an effective irrigation method for flue-cured tobacco .

根据各种花卉栽培方式以及花卉的需水规律，应用可编程控制器自身的特点，对花卉进行合理的、有效的自动灌溉系统设计。

The automatic irrigation system is designed chiefly according to various cultivating methods , the water need regulation of flowers as well as the characteristics of programmable logical controller .