无效循环

赤泥洗液中的有效成分Al2O3、Na2O得以回收利用，不再返回氧化铝的生产流程作无效循环，从而优化了烧结法氧化铝的生产工艺路线。

A1_2O_3 and Na_2O as the available components in the red mud solution could be recovered , but no longer recycled into the alumina process , thereby optimized the sintering process of alumina production .

该工艺能将原料中的Sb较快的得以回收形成产品，Sb的回收率高，实现了铅锑的较彻底的分离，避免了铅在过程中的无效循环。

In the technology Sb can be recycled to form production faster , which means higher reclamation rate , and realizing the thoroughly separation of lead in lead-antimony system which can avoid invalid cycling of lead in such process .

蔗糖代谢酶参与了细胞内外4个与糖运输有关的无效循环。

The sucrose-metabolizing enzymes participate in four futile cycles that involve sugar transport between cytosol , vacuole , amyloplast and apoplast .

物性好的储层，渗透率增加，但易形成无效循环通道；

The permeability increased in the reservoirs with good physical property , but invalid cycle channel was easy to be formed .

在此基础上，研究了纵向非均质、主流线对水驱无效循环的影响规律。

On the basis , the influences of vertically heterogeneous medium and main streamline on water drive ineffective circling was studied .

高含水油田由于长期注水开发造成注入水无效循环问题非常突出，形成了高渗透条带，采用化学堵剂对高渗透条带进行封堵是一种有效的方法。

In view of invalid of water injection in high water cut oilfield , and formed high permeability zone , block of it by chemical block agent is effective .

一是针对砂体注采完善程度低及油层渗流能力差形成的剩余油，通过细分注水和封堵无效循环部位进行挖潜。

First , for sand body improve low levels of injection-production and poor reservoir formed by seepage of residual oil , through the breakdown of water and plugging potential invalid cycle parts .

通过初步实践证明，机采方式下的分层采油技术可以实现高含水后期，控含水、控递减，治理无效循环的目的。

Initial practice has showed separate zone production technology can control the water cut , production decline and invalid water circulation in the late high water cut stage under the mechanical oil production mode .

预计扩大应用范围后，将对高含水后期控制注入水的低效和无效循环，降低开采成本，改善开发效果产生积极影响。

After expanding and popularize the range of application , it is significant to control poor efficiency and invalid circulation of waterflooding during the latter period of high water cut , reduce the cost of production and improve the result of developing .

大庆油田已经进入到高含水期开采阶段，长期持续注水导致油层早期水淹、水窜，从而降低注入水的波及面积，造成低效或无效循环。

Daqing Oilfield has entered a period of high water cut exploitation stage , the long-term sustainability of reservoir water is leading to the early flooding , water channeling , thereby is reducing the spread of water into the area , so that has resulted in inefficient or ineffective circulation .

大庆喇萨杏油田长期注水开发导致油层的孔隙结构发生很大变化，形成低效或无效注水循环层，即大孔道。

Long-term waterflooding exploitation in Daqing Lasaxing oilfield caused changes in reservoir porosity structure , and formed inefficient water circulating formation , that is , the big porous reservoir .

扶余油田是裂缝发育的低渗透砂岩油藏，由于储层的非均质和后期压裂改造，导致无效水循环严重，含水上升快。

Fuyu oilfield is the sandstone reservoir of low permeability and multiple fractures , as reservoir heterogeneity and post-fracturing , resulting in invalid serious water cycle , water rose quickly .

由于受油层非均质性的影响，注入井转后续水驱后，层间、层内矛盾突出，平面上注入水沿高渗透条带突进，低效、无效水循环严重。

Affected by layer heterogeneity , after follow-up water flooding , interlayer and layer contradiction is serious , injecting water sudden along high permeability layer in the plane , inefficient and invalid water cycle is serious .

提高注水效果，降低无效水循环显得日益重要，因而发展更加有效的注水配套技术来满足地质提出的客观需求已迫在眉睫。

Enhancing the effect of injection and reducing ineffective water circulation have become more and more important , so the development of more effective water injection matching technology to meet the objective demand put forward in geology has been imminent .

聚合物驱提高采收率有限的主要原因是沿着大孔道（或高渗透条带）窜聚及后续水驱的无效水循环现象严重，聚合物的利用率低，中低渗透部位原油得不到有效驱替。

The main reason for limitation of polymer flooding is polymer channeling along the major channels ( or high permeability bands ) and invalidity of the water cycle , the utilization rate of polymer is very low , so crude oil is not effective displaced in low-to-moderate permeable formation .

利用监测技术识别低效无效注采循环体技术研究

The Research in Identifying the Low and Non-effective Injection-production Circulation Layers by Using Monitoring Technology

液油比高，耗水量大，无效注采循环严重；

Liquid-oil ratio is high , water consumption is massive , and inefficient injection-production circulation is severe .

通过研究表明：厚油层低效无效注采循环部位主要分布在大型曲流河、辫状河道沉积砂体中。

The result shows that inefficient and ineffective injection and recovery circulation mainly lies in the deposit of meandering river and braided channel .

大量的注入水沿高渗透、高含水的便捷通道（简称大孔道）无效或低效循环。

Inject water is circulated ineffectively or inefficiently in the large number of high permeability , high water cut a convenient channel (" The large pore path ") .

研究了特高含水期不同类型剩余油的挖潜方法，以及寻找和控制无效注采循环的做法。

This paper also gives the method of enhancing the recovery potential for a well in high water-cut stage , as well as the method of finding and controlling useless injection and production .

检查井岩芯分析、室内物模试验和现场动态监测资料均表明，以厚油层为主的非均质多油层砂岩油田综合含水上升到90%以后，存在着严重的无效和低效循环问题。

Core analysis of inspecting well , indoor objects dynamic modulus test and field monitoring data show that inhomogeneous multi-oil layer sandstone oilfields mainly to the thick oil layer rise to 90 % comprehensive saturation , there is a serious problem of ineffective and inefficient circulation .

试井技术识别无效注采水循环通道方法探讨

Discussion for an Approach to Specifying Injection and Recovery Cyclic Channel by Well Testing Technology

论专利无效诉讼中的循环诉讼问题

The tort is actionable per se . On the Problem of Circuity of Action in Patent Invalidity Declaratory Judgment Litigation

在这几个国家的专利无效机制中，循环诉讼之所以不会产生，是因为这些国家都设立了较为完善的专利无效机制。

Because there is perfect Patent Invalidity System in those countries , there are few cases on " loop suit " in these countries .