乳房检查

这项研究本周二发表在《英国医学杂志》（BMJ）上，在如今这个乳腺癌治疗手段更加有效的时代，对乳房X线检查进行的严格评估寥寥无几，它就是其中一个。

The study , published Tuesday in The British Medical Journal , is one of the few rigorous evaluations of mammograms conducted in the modern era of more effective breast cancer treatments .

美国每年大约要做3700万例乳房X线检查，每次检查的费用约为100美元（约合人民币600元）。

In the United States , about 37000000 mammograms are performed annually at a cost of about $ 100 per mammogram .

对于1000多万妇女来说，像乳房扫描检查和生育控制之类的预防保健服务也因《平价医保法》成为免费项目了。

And for tens of millions of women , preventive care like mammograms and birth control are free because of the Affordable Care Act .

在进行了11到16年的复查随访后，加拿大这项研究得出了乳房X线检查没有裨益的同样结论。但一些专家预计，随着时间的推移，乳房X线检查的优势将会显现。

The Canadian study reached the same conclusion about the lack of a benefit from mammograms after 11 to 16 years of follow-up , but some experts predicted that as time went on the advantages would emerge .

在英国，50岁以上的妇女被建议每三年做一次乳房X光检查，而其检查结果由两位单独的专家进行分析。

In Britain , women over 50 are advised to get a mammogram every three years , the results of which are analysed by two independent experts .

但对扫描结果的解读也有可能出错，而且在所有乳房X光检查结果中，有一小部分要么是假阳性（将健康病人误诊为患有癌症），要么是假阴性（在疾病的传播过程中，没有诊断出疾病）。

But interpreting the scans leaves room for error , and a small percentage of all mammograms either return a false positive - misdiagnosing a healthy patient as having cancer - or false negative - missing the disease as it spreads .

在做完乳房X光检查之后，愿意等待医生的电话。

the willingness to breathe through waiting for the doctor to call after your mammogram .

她可以选择简单地每半年做一次乳房X光检查，也可以选择做活检。

She was given the option of just mammograms every six months or having a biopsy .

乳房X光检查就容易误诊出乳腺癌，因为乳房的任何一点小异常就可能会被视为肿瘤。

Mammograms are famous for misdiagnosing breast cancer , since every little anomaly in the breast can look like a tumor .

在这项研究中，加拿大女性被随机分配给训练有素的护士，进行定期乳房X光检查和乳房检查，或者只进行乳房检查。

It randomly assigned Canadian women to have regular mammograms and breast exams by trained nurses or to have breast exams alone .

文德博士指出，改善后的治疗方法显然有助于降低乳腺癌死亡率，做乳房X光检查也是一样，因为可以提早发现癌症。

Dr. Wender added that while improved treatments clearly helped lower the breast cancer death rate , so did mammography , by catching cancers early .

她原以为支持乳房X光检查的证据肯定会更加有力，因为大多数国家都支持乳房X光筛查，反对PSA筛查。

She had assumed that the evidence for mammography must be stronger since most countries support mammography screening and most discourage PSA screening .

这些研究结果不会立刻导致乳房X光检查准则的更改，很多倡导者和专家几乎肯定会对“乳房X线检查总体无用，甚至有害”的观点进行质疑。

The findings will not lead to any immediate change in guidelines for mammography , and many advocates and experts will almost certainly dispute the idea that mammograms are on balance useless , or even harmful .

而且这种筛查本身具有危害——通过乳房X光检查发现并进行了治疗的癌症肿块中，有五分之一对女性的健康并不构成威胁，也不需要进行化疗、手术或放疗等治疗。

And the screening had harms - one out of five cancers found with mammography and treated was not a threat to the woman 's health and did not need treatment like chemotherapy , surgery or radiation .

卡拉格博士关于这项研究的社论标题是《乳房X光检查泛滥》（TooMuchMammography），文中使用来自临床试验的汇总分析数据，把乳房X光检查跟前列腺癌的前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）筛查相提并论。

Dr. Kalager , whose editorial accompanying the study was titled " Too Much Mammography , " compared mammography to prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer , using data from pooled analyses of clinical trials .

他还说，乳房X光检查的临床试验的综合数据显示，在40多岁的女性中，乳房X光检查至少降低了15%的乳腺癌死亡率，在年龄更大的女性中降低了至少20%。

He added that combined data from clinical trials of mammography showed it reduces the death rate from breast cancer by at least 15 percent for women in their 40s and by at least 20 percent for older women .

历史上规模最大、最严格细致的乳房X光检查研究之一，对所有年龄段的女性进行这种筛查的价值提出了强有力的新质疑。这项研究持续了四分之一个世纪之久，涉及9万名女性。

One of the largest and most meticulous studies of mammography ever done , involving 90000 women and lasting a quarter century , has added powerful new doubts about the value of the screening test for women of any age .

但跟这项新研究同时发表的一篇社论说，那些发现乳房X光检查有利于女性的早期研究，是在如今常规使用的药物大幅降低乳腺癌死亡率之前进行的，这些药物包括他莫昔芬（Tamoxifen）；

But an editorial accompanying the new study said that earlier studies that found mammograms helped women were done before the routine use of drugs like tamoxifen that sharply reduced the breast cancer death rate .

与之相比，一次乳房X光摄影检查仅仅只会给你带来0.7毫西弗的辐射。

by contrast , a mammogram only gives you about 0.7 millisieverts .

而现在的我们为了活下来，就要常常将自己暴露于辐射之下，因此医生为你检查断裂的骨头或是给你做乳房X光摄影检查（mammogram）的时候，就会大体为你说明一下关于X射线“安全曝光”的原理。

Now , we 're constantly exposed to radiation just by being alive , so there 's a general guideline for " safe exposure " to X-rays , which the medical profession sticks to when they look for broken bones or give you a mammogram .

该小组由医疗卫生专家组成，他们建议，大多数50岁以下女性不需要进行乳房X线照片常规检查，而50岁以上女性只需一年检查一次。

The group said most women under 50 do not need regular mammograms and that women over 50 should only get them every other year .

患上乳腺癌之后，她切除了乳房，战胜了癌症，自此之后，她以个人身份，向妇女讲解经常进行乳房扫描检查的重要性。

And after her own battle with breast cancer and a mastectomy , she spoke in personal terms about the need for women to get mammograms .