迎风坡

新月形沙丘迎风坡形态及沉积物对表面气流的响应

Response of Morphology and Deposits to Surface Flow on Windward Slope of Barchan Dune

在高空，受大地形的影响，水平气流越山而过，垂直气流在迎风坡上升，在背风坡下降。

When the horizontal airflow skips over the mountain , vertical airflow will rise at windward slope and drop at leeward slope .

乌兰布和沙漠新月形沙丘迎风坡风速变化的初步研究

A Preliminary Study on Variation in Wind Velocity and Sediment Transport Rate on Windward Slope of Barchan Dune

结果表明：新月型沙丘迎风坡基本处于风蚀过程；

The result showed : windward slopes of crescent dune are basically in the process of wind erosion .

粒度分析也表明，沙丘迎风坡表面粒度特征主要取决于表面蚀积状况，同断面形态表现出密切的相关性。

Grain size analysis also indicates that grain size characteristics are mainly influenced by intensity of erosion or deposition and morphology of windward slope .

冷锋移动较慢时，其冷域远离地面锋的这支顺时针环流主体可被地形完全阻塞在迎风坡。

The clockwise circulation in the cold air can be obstructed wholly in the upward side by orography for the moving slowly steady cold front .

地表粗糙度越大，迎风坡坡度越陡。新月形沙丘迎风坡气流加速模拟

On the rough surface the dune windward flank is steeper than on the smooth surface . Simulation of Flow Accelerating on the Windward of Barchan

由地形强迫产生的降雨量和地形走向相一致，迎风坡降雨量增加，背风坡降雨量减少，地形影响使浙江东部一带增加的平均降雨量约占该地区模拟平均总降雨量的40%左右。

The precipitation pattern is consistent with orientation of orography , i.e. the rainfall increases on the windward side , while deceases on the lee side .

详尽准确地描述了各种风速对新月型沙丘的迎风坡、丘顶、背风坡的具体蚀积变化。

These have accurately described the concrete erosion / accumulation change on windward slop , top , leeward slope of barchan under the variant wind speeds .

对于冷域中远离地面暖锋的另一支正环流系来说，当暖锋位于地形上游或迎风坡时，它可被地形完全阻塞于背风侧，地形高度越高，地形阻塞作用越大。

The clockwise circulation away from the SWF in the cold side may be blocked in the leeside whose blocking will be increased when the orography height increasing .

沙丘表面日最高温出现在顶部，日最低温和日较差最大值出现在迎风坡。

The daily maximum surface temperature appears on the coping of the sand dune , the minimum temperature and the greatest diurnal temperature range appear on the windward slop .

当初始位温扰动在背风坡时冰雹云的降雹量约为当初始位温扰动在迎风坡时冰雹云降雹量的6倍。

The hail fall of the hail cloud which domain of the initial potential temperature perturbation is located in lee slope is 6 times as large as in windward slope .

地形的变化能改变边界层的气流，如在起伏不平的山地，对流的分布往往是由迎风坡的坡度和宽决定的。

Variety terrains can change the flow within the boundary layer . The distribution of convection over an orographic area is determined by the depth and the width of a mountain .

同时，地形引起的气流爬坡作用还会使主要岛屿山脉迎风坡的降水增多，并诱生中小尺度的地形高压。

And , small orographic highs and enhanced rainfall caused by climbing airflow on the windward slope of main mountains of these islands are a result of effects of Zhoushan Islands .

结果表明：广西年均暴雨量的分布具有明显的地域性，暴雨中心区主要位于山脉的迎风坡，地形的强迫作用对暴雨有增幅效应。

The central area of the rainstorm is mainly located in the mountain slope against the wind , The force function of the terrain makes the effect to increase the rainfall .

暖区有明显的强降水中心，雨强极大值出现在山区迎风坡，降水雨滴谱谱宽较大，有时滴谱呈双峰型分布；

Heavy rainfall occurred in the warm area , and maximum rainfall lay in the windward slope where the width of raindrop size distribution was broadened and sometimes it was bimodal spectrum .

该理论模型用于降水量背景场的估算是可行的，计算结果可靠。2、坡向修正因子模拟结果可以很好的表征迎风坡、背风坡的地形特征。

So this theoretical model was considered practicable and dependable . 2 . The simulation result of correction factor for aspect could finely describe topographic characteristics of windward slopes and leeward slope .

所以，地形强迫可以通过对急流这一触发条件来影响台风降水的分布。此外，台风降雨的落区主要是山区，降水形式是迎风坡降水的特征。

Thus , the distribution of rainfall can be affected through the jet introducing by topographic forcing . In addition , rainfall is almost distributed in mountain area , and performs the precipitation in the windward slope .

在空间上，年降水量的高值区位于山前迎风坡一带，大致呈带状自西南伸向东北，高值区的西北、东南两侧雨量逐渐减少。

Spatially , the high annual precipitation occurs in the piedmont windward slopes , and the precipitation increases from the northeast to the southwest . The precipitation decreases gradually in northwest and southeast sides of the high-precipitation area .

迎风坡上部植被非常稀疏，不形成群落，植株平均高度25.3cm，产草量增加206.8%，多度提高一个等级，密度增加550%，物种丰富度指数提高800%，均匀度指数提高66.7%。

The forage yield increased by 206.8 % ; the species number increased by one grade and density increased by 550 % ; the species abundance index increased by 800 % and the evenness index increased by 66.7 % .

暴雪出现的主要天气环流形势为北方横槽南压型和新疆冷温槽发展东移型，分别占38.1%和52.4%。暴雪均出现在山脉冬季风的迎风坡和峡谷地带。

The primary weather calculation backgrounds of occurring snowstorm are two types : one is northern horizontal trough of pressing southward , another is Xinjiang cold trough of developing and moving eastward , account for 38.1 % and 52.4 % , respectively .

地形是决定背风坡表层和亚表层以及迎风坡亚表层土壤水分空间分布的主要因素，而迎风坡表层土壤水分变化受风力等环境因子的影响较大。

Micro-topography is the main factor in determining the spatial variability of soil moisture of the surface and subsurface at leeward slope and subsurface at windward , but the influence of environment factors such as wind conditions would be visible in surface of windward slope .

山体北坡岩体的风化作用比南坡弱，南坡昼夜及季节的温差和湿度比北坡大，而且是迎风坡，风化壳相对深厚。

The weathering effect of rock on the northern slope of the hill is weaker than that on the southern slope . The temperature and humidity disparity between day and night and among different seasons of the southern slope are bigger than that of the northern slope .

在所有的观测结果中，迎风坡坡度为15°的沙丘具有最大的沙粒起动风速和最远的气流重新辐合距离，其原因尚需进一步研究。

According to these results , the flow reattachment distance in the lee side of transverse dunes can be determined . Finally , we think that there is a further research need on the 15 ° stoss slop because it had the maximum threshold wind velocity and re-attachment distance .

迎风坡下部群落高度增加87.1%，产草量增加13%，多度提高一个等级，密度增加15%，物种丰富度指数提高228%，均匀度指数提高22.8%；

The variety number increased by one grade and density increased by 15 % ; the species abundance index increased by 228 % and the evenness index increased by 22.8 % . In the middle part of windward slope of sand dunes , the community height increased by 453.7 % ;

大气稳定度与对流降水在迎风、背风坡的分布相一致。

Also , atmospheric stability corresponds well to the convective precipitation on both the sides .

小地形的变化，东西坡面的胶树保存率无规律性，但在迎风坡面的变坡线附近的局部地段，风害率均显著加重。

Micro-topographic changes lead to no regularity in the survival rates of rubber trees on eastward or westward slope .