育种周期

总体上讲，离子注入当代频繁出现可遗传变异，且M2代分离小，M3代趋于稳定，从而缩短了育种周期，大大提高了育种效率。

To sum up , the Ml breeds from ion implantation appear heritable variation frequently , and the selected plants separate rarely at M2 and stabilize at M3 , so that the breeding cycle has been shortened , the breeding efficiency has been enhanced .

苹果的遗传转化技术通过分子手段改良苹果，有助于缩短其育种周期。

Techniques of apple genetic transformation can improve apple trees and shorten the breeding cycle by molecular methods .

用于缩短育种周期及胚培养的种子切切不可使其干燥。

Seeds to be used for some shortened breedingcycle methods or for embryo culture should never be allowed to dry .

通过体外受精技术缩短绒山羊育种周期的研究

The Study of shortening the Breeding Duration of Cashmere Goat through In Vitro Fertilization technology

利用人工接虫技术能早期鉴定树种抗虫性，缩短育种周期。

It can determine zoophobous resistance of tree species in early stage and shorten breeding period to use technology of delivering insects artificially .

为缩短白桦育种周期，加速其育种进程，近些年来人们在白桦早花诱导方面取得了巨大成功。

In order to shorten breeding period and accelerate breeding process , a breakthrough has been made in early flower inducing in recent years .

这种突变的频率高、突变谱广、变异幅度大、变异性状稳定快，使育种周期缩短。

The space mutation features high variation frequency and wide variant amplitude and spectrum , traits easy to be stabilized and short breeding period .

基因工程为作物品种遗传改良提供了一个高效的技术手段，可以大大缩短育种周期和提高育种效率。

Gene engineering has provided an effective approach for crop variety hereditary improvement because it could shorten the breeding cycle and increase the breeding efficiency .

为了缩短育种周期，以γ1代的育性作为指示性状，可从γ1代起进行突变株选择；

In order to reduce the period of breeding the mutation plant can be selected form γ 1 generation in accordance with fructification rate high .

采用传统的自然变异繁殖方法育种周期长，效果又不明显。

Natural variation is one of the traditional reproduce methods , not only its breeding cycle is too long , but also produces little effect .

柑橘组织培养以及建立在此基础上的遗传转化为缩短育种周期、获得抗寒、优质柑橘种质资源提供了新的途径。

Tissue culture and transgenic research shortened the breeding program cycle , thus provided a promising way to obtain elite citrus germplasm that are cold tolerant .

目前为了尽快的缩短林木育种周期并为林业生产尽早地提供优良繁殖材料，经常采用的方法就是林木早期测定。

At present , early test in tree breeding is often used in order to shorten breeding term and provide the excellent materials for forest production as soon as possible .

如果这个方法在苗期阶段解决，将能缩短育种周期，节省土地和劳力，使有希望的无性系较早地推荐于生产。

If a reliable method of this nature is developed , the breeding cycle can be shortened , land and labour saved and promising clones earlier recommended for large scale planting .

利用基因工程方法可以打破物种间的遗传障碍，实现优良目的基因的定向转移，且后代易于稳定，育种周期短。为进一步改良棉花纤维产量和品质提供了一条有效途径。

With the advantages to overcome genetic obstacle among species and to transfer target genes purposively and rapidly , gene engineering provides an effective strategy to improve the yield and quality of cotton fiber .

但由于病原菌遗传多样性、抗病基因匮乏、育种周期长等因素，使稻瘟病和纹枯病抗病育种成效大大降低。

However , as the result of genetic diversity of nosophyte , absence of resistance genes and long breeding circle in traditional methods , the breeding effect for disease resistance was lower to a great degree .

结果表明通过成熟胚的培养可以去除抑制种了萌发的因素，略去种子休眠期从而缩短月季育种周期。

Results of experiments show that the main factor causing rose seed dormancy lies in the inhibitor in seed coat Culture in vitro of mature embryos is achieved successfully in breaking seed dormancy , getting normal seedlings and thus shortening the period of rose breeding .

传统的小麦育种方法周期较长，育种效率低，缩短育种年限，加快育种进程已成为目前小麦新品种选育的客观要求。

Conventional breeding methods of wheat had long cycle and low efficiency .

传统的育种方法周期较长，效率较低，而通过分子标记技术来辅助育种是一种较为快速、准确的育种途径。

Traditional breeding methods cycle is longer and less efficient , and through modern DNA molecular markers to assist breeding has become a faster , more accurate way of breeding .

常规杂交育种存在周期长，优良个体的选择困难与繁殖系数低等问题，因而培育一个优良新品种需要二十年甚至更长的时间。

In traditional hybridization breeding program , it would taken more than 20 years to develop a new cultivar because of long vegetable growth period , difficulty in selection and lower propagation rate of elite individuals .

培育抗病、高产、优质的大豆新品种迫在眉睫。常规育种选育周期长、优质资源匮乏，而且基因之间存在连锁和交换现象，使得优良品种的培育进展缓慢。

New soybean varieties with disease resistance , high yield , good quality are extremely urgent . Conventional breeding due to long breeding cycle , lack of quality resources , and gene linkage and exchange among geges , made a slow progress in the breeding of improved varieties .

传统的常规育种方法育种周期长且工作量大，不能满足目前生产需要。

Traditional breeding methods have long cycle and heavy workload , and can not meet the present production needs .

然而，常规遗传育种方法存在育种周期长、难度大等问题，严重制约苦瓜的育种进程。

However , the conventional breeding process is long period and great difficulty , lead to seriously restricting the breeding progress of bitter gourd hybrid .

常规育种技术不仅育种周期长，耗时费力，难以满足生产上对抗病良种的需要，更重要的是玉米抗性资源比较缺乏，限制了传统方法在玉米抗病育种中的成效。

Traditional breeding techniques are both time and labor consuming , which makes it hard for them to be employed nowadays when elite corn cultivars resistant to fungus are in great needs .

然而，这些育种技术均存在育种周期长、优良性状遗传不稳定等不足之处。

However , these breeding technologies have differently some serious weaknesses such as breeding cycle period being too long and heredity of good characters being unstable .

常规育种由于缺少抗源及育种周期长，在抗CMV育种上成效较低。

Routine breeding shows lower effect in resisting CMV breeding for lack resistant resources and longer cycle of breeding .

传统常规育种具有选择效率低、育种周期长等缺点。

Breeding of soybean varieties by traditional methods has some disadvantages , such as long breeding cycle and low selection efficiency .

由于苹果在遗传上高度杂合，传统的杂交育种手段选育抗病品种难度极大且育种周期较长，现代基因工程育种技术为转基因定向改良苹果抗病性提供了可能。

However , to improve the resistance in apple by traditional cross breeding is extremely difficult and long-running for a high degree of genetic heterozygosity in apple . Modern transgenic breeding technology provides us a new way for resistance breeding .

从育种遗传资源、高新技术领域研究、育种周期三个方面，剖析了限制我国棉花育种进展的问题所在，提出了棉花品质育种的研究对策。

Four countermeasures are proposed on genetic breeding resources , high technique research and breeding period .

研究表明野栽杂交花培育种技术是克服野栽杂交后代稳定难，育种周期长与加速野生稻资源利用的有效途径。

The results indi - cated the techniques of anther culture on the hybrid between wild and cultivated rice is one of the most effective way to overcome the unsteady of the hybrid progenies , long breeding cycle and to quicken the utilization of wild rice resources .

利用传统育种手段可以改良水稻的品质农艺性状，但缺点是育种周期长见效慢。

We can improve multiple traits of rice by conventional breeding approaches , but it cause long cycle and low efficient .