水力坡降

考虑起始水力坡降时粘性土渗透系数的确定

Determination of cohesive soil 's permeability coefficient after thinking of initial hydraulic gradient

借鉴国外水封效果的评价标准，依据地下水位线和垂直水力坡降的变化评价水封效果。

It is to use water level and vertical hydraulic gradient as evaluation criteria of water-tight referring to foreign .

根据粘性土的达西（Darcy）定律和水流连续性原则，建立起考虑起始水力坡降的粘性土渗透系数公式，并给出了误差分析方法。

A permeability coefficient formula , in which the initial hydraulic gradient considered , was given according to cohesive soil 's Darcy law and continuity of water flow , and then error analytical methods were given .

确定输油管道进出站压力的水力坡降线平移方法

Translating Hydraulic Grade Line Method to Determine the Inlet and Outlet Pressures of Pump

通过抽水试验增加水力坡降的方法以及同位素示踪法测量证实了湖内渗漏入水部位的探测结果可靠。

The measured results were verified by the pumping test and the isotope tracer method .

而在较高水头压力的持续作用下，岩体的允许水力坡降值则有减小之势。

But in the continuing head pressure , rock available hydraulic slope value trends to decrease .

给出了管输效率与流量、水力坡降与流量的关系曲线。

The relations of pipeline efficiency versus flowrate and that of hydraulic slope versus flowrate are drawn .

对堆石坝结构而言，非达西渗流计算的结构显示渗流场的局部区域可能出现高水力坡降区域扩散的现象。

As to rockfill dam , calculation results by non-Darcy method show that the diffusion of high hydraulic gradient can appear in the local region of the seepage field ;

分析认为这种振荡曲线与地球自身的脉动有关，它是由地球脉动、高渗透水力坡降和大的滑体剪切作用叠加而成的一种呈非平衡态的复杂运动。

The loess landslide movement is a non stationary complex one combined with earth microtremors , the hydraulic gradient of high osmosis and strong shear force of landslide mass .

首先建立了加减阻剂后水力坡降和减阻剂浓度与原油流量、粘度及管径关系的两个数学模型。

Two mathematic models for describing the relationship of hydraulic pressure gradient and drag reducer concentration with the flow rate and viscosity of crude oil and the diameter of pipeline were established .

本文还结合理论研究的方法对粘土层的起始水力坡降、达西定律的适用范围以及隔水层的具体定义都做了详细的阐述。

In this thesis , detailed formulation combining theory research methods was made out to clay soil 's initialized hydraulic slope , the application scope of Darcy 's law and detailed definition of water-resisting layer .

模型试验主要分为粘土的渗透系数试验、测试粘土的起始水力坡降试验和测试不透水粘土层内水压力分布试验三部分。

Model test mainly divided into three parts , there were clay soil 's permeability coefficient test , clay soil 's initialized hydraulic slope test and groundwater pressure distribution regular test in water-tight clay soil stratum .

根据现行计算方法，堤坝下游坡脚处渗流水力坡降具有奇异性，这给工程设计中判别渗透安全性带来困难，同时与实际情况也不符合。

The singularity of hydraulic gradient , which is always found in the calculation of seepage at the toe of dam , is not accord with the reality and makes the trouble in judging the safety of the dam .

在诸多的探漏方法中，水力坡降线法是大家熟悉而又简便易行的方法。这种方法是根据上、下游站的流量参数，计算出相应的水力坡阵线。

Of many methods to detect leaking , the hydraulic gradient one is a well-known simple and easy method , in which the corresponding hydraulic gradient is calculated on basis of the throughput parameters at both upstream and downstream pump stations .

同时，又深入分析了液化的外部影响因素（如脉动的振幅、频率、持续时间、波型和作用方向、渗透水力坡降以及滑体下滑大剪等）。

On the other hand , the influential elements of loess liquefaction are discussed , such as the amplitude , frequency , duration , wave type of microtremors , the hydraulic gradient of high osmosis and strong shear force of landslide mass .

在国内多家研究单位进行大量实验的基础上，对固液两相流机理进行了研究，开发了计算管道输送水力坡降及临界输送流速的电算模型。

Based on the plenty of experiments done by several domestic research institutes , study was made on the mechanism of solid-liquid two-phase flow and a numerical model was built for calculating the pipeline transportation parameters , such as hydraulic slope and critical transportation velocity .

通过理论分析，提出了计算地基的渗流量、渗透水力坡降和渗透流速、以及建筑物底面的渗透压力和扬压力的简捷方法，该方法有足够的实用精度。

Simple way on how to calculate the foundation of seepage quantity and hydraulic slope of seepage have been brought up by theoretical analysis , including seepage velocity and seepage pressure of the bottom of works and seepage uplift . The equation has enough accuracy .

本文较系统地介绍了三向电阻网渗流模型试验原理及其实际应用，提出了较合理的模型电阻计算方法和测试技术和水力坡降计算公式。

The paper describes systematically the principles of the model test techniques using the electric-resistance networks to simulate the three-dimensional seepage problems and its practical applications . Reasonable methods for calculating the model resistances , measuring techniques and formulas for calculating the hydraulic gradients are presented .

由此，本文研究分析了国内、外土堤土坝渗流变形破坏的基本形式，渗流变形稳定的临界水力坡降的研究成果，及堤坝防渗加固的新技术和渗流计算的基本方法的基础上。

In this paper , the earth-filled dams basic forms of permeating distortion collapsed is studied in the domestic and international in the past , based on the analysis result of the permeating transmogrification critical water gradient and the basal method of new technology of anti-seepage strengthen and permeating calculation .