共价键结合

用聚乙烯醇（PVA）缩醛化方法，共价键结合肝素。

Acetalized poly ( vinyl alcohol )( PVA ) graftes heparin by covalent bond .

通过FT-IR分析证实了材料有机相与无机相之间是以共价键结合的。

The covalent bonds between organic and inorganic phases was confirmed by the FT-IR of the hybrid materials .

表面疏水性、SDS-PAGE和光散射测定表明酶促聚集体主要以共价键结合，体积大且不易解离，而热聚集体以非共价键结合，体积小，凝胶时易解离交联形成良好网络；

Surface hydrophobicity , SDS-PAGE and light scattering showed aggregates caused by LOX were associated by covalent bonds with huge size and hard to dissociate ;

轻元素B、C和N原子之间可以通过共价键结合形成稳定的化合物，具有丰富多变的成分配比、结构和物理性质，近年来开辟了材料科学中的一个极为活跃的领域。

Study on the light element materials becomes a sparkling topic material research in recent years , because light element atoms can be covalently bounded to each other and form stable compounds , which have variable contents , structures , and physical properties .

实生苗为试验材料，研究了水分胁迫下叶片细胞胞质、与（细胞）壁以离子键结合和与壁以共价键结合的过氧化物酶（POD）和IAA氧化酶活性的变化。

Grown on hills is considered to be drought resistant . Effect of water stress on the activities of cytoplasmic , ionically wall bound and covalently wall bound peroxidase ( POD ) and IAA oxidase in litchi leaves was studied .

结果表明：有机相与无机相之间是以共价键结合的，杂化材料中凝胶的含量较高，聚合物基体中SiO2是纳米复合的，具有较好的分散性和热稳定性。

The results show that the covalent bonds are between organic and inorganic phases , gel contents in the hybrid materials are much higher , the SiO 2 phase is well dispersed in the polymer matrix , silicon dioxide exist at nanoscale in the composites and have excellent thermal stability .

抗体能通过共价键结合在脂质体颗粒上。

Antibody can be linked to liposome particles by covalent binding .

然后继续降低，我们就有了通过共价键结合的氢分子。

And then even lower down , we have our bonded hydrogen molecule .

我想象它们的样子，通过共价键结合的分子链。

I 'm imagining something like , covalently bonded chains that have links between them .

因此，为了提高预处理薄膜的稳定性，界面之间的共价键结合是十分必要的。

Therefore , covalent bonding at the interface is very important in improving the stability of pretreatment film .

环糊精（准）聚轮烷是由环糊精与链状高分子通过非共价键结合得到的超分子结构。

It was dealed with the various influence factors of self-assembling poly ( pseudo ) rotaxanes with cyclodextrins .

结果过氧桥键是青蒿素类化合物的活性中心，在Fe2+影响下过氧键逐渐裂解，两个氧原子与Fe2+以共价键结合形成环状加成产物。

Results The peroxide bridge is the active center of QHS and induced by ferrous iron to produce cyclic product .

氢键的温度敏感性和可逆性导致氢键型超分子聚合物具有和传统共价键结合的聚合物不同的性能。

Hydrogen bonds in supramolecular polymers are dynamically reversible and therefore , hydrogen bonded supramolecular polymers are smart and functional polymer materials .

结果表明：复合鞣剂主要以物理吸附、氢键及电价键或酯键的方式与胶原模型物作用，且有少量的共价键结合；

The result shows : nanocomposite reacted with collagen models by physical absorption , hydrogen , electrovalent bond or esterification and little covalent bond ;

结果表明，绝大多数氨基酸与钠离子的非共价键结合力很弱甚至没有，但脯氨酸和苯丙氨酸很容易形成加钠离子峰。

Results showed that most ( amino ) acids had extraordinary weak non-covalent binding to sodium ion , whilst proline and phenylalanine easily captured sodium ion from solvents .

大分子组装是研究通过非共价键结合形成具有特定排列顺序材料的科学，其可控的优势使其在高新技术领域的应用前景被广泛看好。

Macromolecular assembly is regarded as a new way of approaching ordered-packing macromolecular by non-covalent bonds . And it has great potential in application area owing to controllable advantage .

而羊毛活性染料因对环境的污染较少，且活性染料能与羊毛反应生成共价键结合，而具有很好的水洗、耐光、耐汗渍牢度。

Meanwhile wool dyeing with reactive dyes possess good washing fastness , light fastness , etc due to less polluting the environment and could generating covalent bond with wool .

结果：水飞蓟宾卵磷脂复合物具有水飞蓟宾和卵磷脂的红外光谱特征，其磷核磁共振波谱显示水飞蓟宾和卵磷脂间以非共价键结合。

Results : SLC possesses the characteristics of the infrared spectrum of silybin and lecithin , its nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum showed that SLC was combined by non covalent bond .

首先在总结前人研究结果的基础上，将抑制机理归纳为四种，络合物机理，共价键结合机理，静电作用机理和遮蔽机理。

Four mechanisms based on other 's study results were summed up as " complex mechanism ", " covalent bond mechanism ", " electrostatic mechanism " and " cover mechanism " .

本文运用透析法，论证了硒酵母中的硒基本上是有机硒，其中27%左右以共价键结合在蛋白质等大分子上。

It is shown that selenium is present as an organic selenium compound in the selenium yeast and about 27 % of the selenium content is combined with macromolecules , such as proteins .

但氮化铝为强共价键结合物，熔点高，自扩散系数小，通常需要热压烧结才能制备出高致密的氮化铝陶瓷。

But aluminum nitride is covalent bond compound with high melting point and low self-diffusion coefficient , and usually it can be used to prepare high dense aluminum nitride ceramic by hot pressing sintering .

石墨烯具有体积微小、量子尺寸效应显著等特性，此外其独特的空间结构以及原子间强共价键结合等因素共同决定了它有着不同于一般二维物理体系的特性。

Graphene gets remarkable features of tiny volume , quantum size effect and so on . Moreover , its unique structure and strong covalent bond between atoms determine the difference to ordinary two-dimensional physical system characteristics .

改性结果提高了碳纳米管和紫外光固化树脂的相容性。当紫外光辐照下成膜后，碳纳米管和聚合物基材通过光交联被共价键结合在一起。

The modification promotes the incorporation of CNT into UV-curable resin , and when cured under UV irradiation to form a homogeneous film , the CNT will be chemically bonded with the matrix by crosslinking photopolymerization .

这种新型的偶氮苯功能单体一端以共价键结合模板分子，另一端结合3-碘代正丙基三甲氧基硅烷；然后对所制备的功能单体进行了红外表征以及光谱分析。

This new type of azobenzene functional monomer covalently bound at one end to the template molecule and the other end with 3-Iodopropyltrimethoxysilane ; then the functional monomer we prepared was characterized by infrared spectroscopy . 2 .

通过结构分析表明，氧化棉纤维中的醛基可以与蛋白质分子中氨基直接发生化学交联反应，形成共价键结合；而蛋白质分子与普通棉纤维之间没有发现化学键结合。

Through analysis of the structure , it is suggested that the aldehyde groups of cotton fiber can directly crosslink with amide in molecule of protein , however no covalent bonds are found between protein and native cotton .

综述指出，土壤中农药残留与有机质存在以下几种作用机理：共价键结合、离子键结合、电荷转移复合体、配位体交换、疏水性结合、螯合作用以及氢键和范德华力；

The mechanisms of interaction between organic matter and pesticide residues as follows : covalent bonding , ionic bonding , charge transfer complexes , ligand exchange , sequestration , hydrophobic sorption , hydrogen bonding and Van der waals forces .

有机插层粘土的构建块以一定的有机／粘土比例自组装成高度有序的微结构，这种自组装归因于硅酸盐的离子电荷和有机链的疏水作用等非共价键结合力。

Organically intercalated clay stacks at a proper organic / silicate ratio may undergo a self-assembling process to generate highly ordered microstructures . The self-assembly was attributed to the presence of the non-covalent bonding forces involving silicate ionic charges and organic interactions in the primary units of clay stacks .

通过FTIR，XPS，TEM和Raman光谱等证明PCMS是以共价键形式结合到碳纳米管表面上的。

The results from FTIR , XPS , Raman spectra and TEM show that PCMS was combined with carbon nanotube by the covalent bond .

利用高分子量聚己内酯（PCL）制备了高分子无机组分间非共价键化学结合的PCL/SiO2有机无机杂化透明材料。

PCL / SiO 2 hybrid materials with non-covalently bonding between polymeric and inorganic components were synthesized from high molecular weight poly (ε - caprolactone )( PCL ) by a sol-gel process .

电子结构的第一性原理计算表明：钛酸钡中Ba-O、Ti-O分别以离子键、共价键形式结合，其相变是Ti原子相对位置发生改变引起的。

Electronic structure by first-principles calculations shows that Ba-O and Ti-O of barium titanate is ionic bonds and covalent bonds , respectively . The phase transition is due to the change in the relative position of Ti atoms .