组织代用品

结论：在对面部皮肤抗老化注射填充方面，透明质酸制剂无疑是一种安全、有效地组织代用品。但是，在对面部凹陷填充和局部塑型方面，远期效果还有待观察。

Conclusion In the field of facial skin anti-aging injection treatment , Hyaluronic Acid Agent is undoubtedly a safe , efficacious tissue substitute .

目的探讨应用各种组织瓣和代用品修复口腔颌面部手术后软硬组织缺损的临床应用价值、技术特点及适应症。

Objective To study clinical application , the surgical technique characteristics and indications of one-stage plastic and reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial tissue defect by using tissue flaps and metal material .

目前临床上我们采用自体组织移植、骨代用品植入及牵张成骨技术，已取得了较满意的临床效果。

At present , we have adopted clinical autologous tissue transplantation , bone substitutes , implants and distraction osteogenesis , has been made more satisfactory clinical results .

445422结论：是一种组织相容性好，化学性质稳定的医用生物材料，是一ePTFE种理想的颌面部软组织填充组织代用品。

Conclusion : ePTFE is a kind of medical biological material with good histocompatibility and stable chemical quality as well as a replacer in filling the facial soft tissue .

目前在骨骼肌三维培养、体外大块组织构建等方面面临巨大的挑战，使各种原因造成的失骨骼肌组织功能的重建缺乏功能性组织代用品而受阻。

At present , skeletal muscle tissue engineering faces with enormous challenges in three-dimensional culture and tissue building .