全能性细胞

胚胎干细胞ES是从早期胚胎或原始生殖细胞中分离出来的能够在体外进行传代培养，而不分化的全能性细胞。

Embryo stem cells ( ESCs ) are a kind of omnipotent cells separated from early embryo or primordial germ cells that can be cultured in vitro for many generations without differentiation .

胚胎干细胞是有早期胚胎内细胞团或胎儿原始生殖细胞分离克隆出的具有自我复制能力和发育全能性的细胞；

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cell lines established from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stage embryos or the gonadal region of fetuses .

胚胎干细胞是一种具有发育全能性的细胞系，理论上能分化为包括生殖细胞在内的各种组织细胞。

Embryonic stem cells ( ESC ) are undifferentiated totipotent cells that could be differentiated in vivo into any kind of cells theoretically , including germ cells .

哺乳动物的发育是由单个的受精卵开始的，而受精卵是公认的具有全能性的细胞，它可以发育成整个生物体及各个细胞类型。

Mammalian development is started by a single fertilized egg , and the fertilized egg is recognized as having totipotent cells , which can develop into whole organisms and individual cells types .

大量的研究结果表明鱼类体细胞核具有发育的全能性，随着细胞培养技术、细胞工程技术日益发展成熟，完全具备实现鱼类物种种质长期保存的理论基础和技术条件。

The past studies showed that the nucleolus of somatic cells of fish have totipotency . with the development of the technology of cell culturing and cell engineering , so it is possible to preserve fish species for a very long time .

因此我们把细胞全能性学说看作是细胞工程的理论基础。

So plant cell totipotency is the fundamental basis for cell engineering .

本文选择我国北方海区主要栽培海藻&条斑紫菜作为研究材料，利用植物细胞的全能性，培养紫菜细胞使之成苗。

Porphyra yezoensis , one of the most important industrial seaweeds , which is cultivated in North Coastal of China was selected as material in research . The isolated nori cells can be cultured into thalli for the totipotency of plant .

目的通过建立骨髓基质细胞核移植的方法，为进一步从克隆囊胚的内细胞团细胞分离培养出全能性的胚胎干细胞并用于治疗性克隆等研究奠定基础。

Objective To establish a practical protocol for somatic cell nuclear transfer by using bone marrow stromal cells ( BMSCs ) in rabbits so as to culture pluripotent embryonic stem cells ( ESCs ) derived from inner cell mass ( ICM ) of cloned blastocysts .