孝文帝迁都洛阳
孝文帝迁都洛阳-
孝文帝迁都洛阳以后，在制度上严格了清、浊官的区分。
Xiaowen Emperor strictly distinguished Qing officials and Zhuo officials in system after his moving the capital to Luoyang .
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公元493年孝文帝迁都洛阳，同时，孝文帝将鲜卑族拓跋姓氏改为元，独孤氏改姓刘氏，步六孤氏改姓陆氏，丘穆陵氏改姓穆氏等。
In 493 , Xiaowen moved his capital to Luoyang and took measures to reform traditional Xianbei customs , for example , the surname Tuoba of Xianbei clan was changed into Yuan , Dugu into Liu , Buliu Gu into Lu and Qiumu Ling into Mu .