基粒

还发现从扬花期至灌浆中期，高基粒片层数增加，灌浆中期之后，高基粒片层数减少。

From flowering to middle milky stage , higher granum lamellae increase , and after middle milky stage , higher granum lamellae decrease .

而高CO2浓度通过增加基粒厚度和基粒片层数从而在一定程度上促进叶绿体类囊体的发育。

Elevated CO2 stimulated thylakoid development through increasing the thickness of grana and the number lamella to some extent .

结果证明，叶绿体基粒结构与捕光Chla/b蛋白质含量正相关，它并非为光合作用基本过程的进行所必需。

The results show that the grana stacking of chloroplast is closely related to the quantity of the light-harvesting chl a / b protein , and is not essential for photosynthesis process .

yl突变体是一个叶绿素b减少型的突变体，在整个生长发育期间始终表现为浅黄色的叶色表型，其叶绿体类囊体膜和基粒片层较野生型显著减少。

Yl mutant was a Chl b deficient mutant and showed yellow color phenotype at the whole developmental stages . The thylakoid membranes in the chloroplasts from yl mutant leaves were much less than those of wild-type , especially in the grana lamella contents .

弱光处理后耐弱光生态型黄瓜功能叶片叶绿素（主要是Chl.b）含量明显增加，PSII光化学活性提高，叶绿体内基粒数增多，基粒的类囊体排列紧密；

For low light resistance ecotype cucumber , the chlorophyll contents in leaves were improved ( mainly Chl . b content ), the PSII activity was increased , grana were increased and grana lamellae were arranged compactly in chloroplast after treatment by low light intensity .

较高浓度的氯化铜溶液（50ppm）处理可破坏叶绿体的膜系统，使叶绿体基粒垛迭减少，排列不规则。

Higher concentration of CuCl_2 ( 50ppm ) could destroy the memberane system of chloroplasts . The number of stacks of grana was reduced and the arrangement of grana was also irregular under above-mentioned conditions .

遮荫可使生姜叶片的SLW、厚度、细胞和叶绿体大小及其数量呈变小或减少的趋势，而遮荫后叶绿体的基粒片层、比基粒片层、淀粉粒数则呈较大幅度的增加。

Among 0-80 % shade range , SLW , thickness , cells size , chloroplast size and its numbers of ginger leaves decreased as shading extent increased , but grana lamella number , special grana lamella number , and numbers of starch grains increased with shading extent increase .

从荧光光谱和类囊体膜垛叠的分析表明，我们从另一方面支持了Arntzen等（1977）关于系统Ⅱ颗粒主要分布在基粒膜上的观点。

From the analyses of fluorescence spectra and stacking of thylakoid membranes , our results have supported in another way the view developed by Arntzen et al . ( 1977 ) that the PS ⅱ particles are distributed chiefly in grana lamellae .

不同叶色水稻叶绿体密度及基粒结构的计算机图象分析

Computer Image Analysis of Density and Grana Ultrastructure of Rice Chloroplast

叶绿体高基粒片层逐渐减小。

Cell chloroplast density and higher granum lamellae decreased as well .

例如，叶绿体内的片层基粒结构。

An example is the internal system of lamellae in CHLOROPLASTS .

且大多没有类囊体片层及基粒。

And most of them do not have thylakoid slice layer and grana .

水稻叶绿体基粒缺乏突变体的叶绿素蛋白质复合体分析

Chlorophyll-protein complexes of the thylakoid membranes from a grana deficient mutant of rice

这些成堆的类囊体称为质体基粒。

These stacks of thylakoids are called grana .

该突变体叶绿素含量显著减少，叶绿体内垛叠的基粒缺失。

Chlorophyll contents were dramatically reduced and stacked grana were absent in the mutant .

在低离子强度介质中，基粒垛叠能打开这是一个有意思的性质。

Grana stacks have the interesting property of unfolding in low ionic strength medium .

可以用光学显微镜观察到这些堆积成颗粒状的物质（质体基粒）。

With the light microscope these stacks are just visible as grains ( grana ) .

束鞘细胞的叶绿体和叶肉细胞的叶绿体都含有许多基粒。

The chloroplasts of both the mesophyll and the bundle sheath cells contain many grana .

盾片由3对毛基粒彼此紧靠而成“Y”字形排布。

Scutica consisting of3 pairs of kinetosomes , arranged in " Y " - shape .

结果表明：水稻的稃片具有发育良好的叶绿体，在高产品种中，稃片和旗叶叶绿体的发育程度比对照品种好，而且基粒类囊体的垛叠更规则。

The results showed that the lemma possessed well developed chloroplasts and regularly stacked grana thylakoids .

叶绿体总膜脂及其脂肪酸组成没有发生明显的变化，超微结构略微有所改变：体积有一定程度的增大，基粒数目有所减少，嗜锇颗粒有少量增加，但膜结构仍然保持较高的完整性。

The total membrane lipids , fatty acid composition and ultrastructure of chloroplast were unchanged too .

早期绿色果实的特点是叶绿体具典型的基粒-基粒间类囊体结构。

The early green fruit was characterized by chloroplasts with a typical grana intergranal thylakoid structure .

盐胁迫后，叶绿体基粒、基质片层扭曲，类囊体肿胀；

Under salt stress , thylakoids became swollen , stroma lamella and grana lamella of chloroplast were distorted ;

而转基因植株叶片中的叶绿体结构变化不大，嗜锇体相对有所增加，但体积较小，大部分基粒类囊体片层结构仍然排列整齐，少数类囊体垛叠化丧失。

Whereas in transgenic rice , only the number of osmiophilic granules increased and most grana-thylakoid lamellae arranged in order .

叶绿体的内部结构是由多层膜形成的叶绿体基粒，其中包埋在基质中的基粒称子座。

The internal structure of chloroplasts includes stacks of membranes called grana , which are embedded in a matrix called the stroma .

而缺锌处理时叶绿体基粒片层排列松散、数目明显减少，质体小球明显增多。

Under Zn deficiency , the thylakoid lamella of chloroplast was loosely distributed with less lamella , but the platoglobuli number was increased .

光照0℃低温条件下的叶绿体基粒和间质片层排列方向略微改变，趋于一致。

The arrangement direction of grana and chloroplasts lamella changed little and became uniform after the seedlings were treated at 0 ℃ in light .

叶绿体的体积较小、呈梭形，叶绿体的基粒片层排列紧密。具较薄的周壁，在高倍放大的情况下呈颗粒或杆状。

The like-shuttle chloroplast was small , with tightly stacking lamellae of grana . Perispore thin , consist of rodlets or grana in high magnification .

结果表明：毒素导致叶绿体内膜系统破坏，基粒片层解体，叶绿体形成泡囊；

Results indicated that tabtoxin made the endomembrane system of the chloroplast be destroyed , the grana lamellae be disorganized and the chloroplast form vesicles .

具体反映在：（1）小麦叶绿体中除了比对照积累有较多的淀粉粒外，其基粒和基质类囊体膜发育较好；

The results were briefly summarized as follows : ( 1 ) The wheat leaves possessed normally developed chloroplasts with intact grana and stroma thylakoid membranes ;