暹

2.素可泰（Sukhothai）约公元13世纪，在现如今的泰国土地上，第一个暹罗国形成了，素可泰就是它的政治行政首都。

Around the 13th century AD , in the area we now know as Thailand , the first Siam Kingdom was formed , and its political and administrative capital was Sukhothai .

中暹海上民间贸易作为一项经济活动，首先是围绕市场的供需关系来进行的。

Sino-Siam maritime nongovernmental trade operated round the market supply and demand .

19世纪中暹海上民间贸易的初步分析

Elementary Analysis of the 19th Century Sino-Siam Maritime Nongovernmental Trade

中暹贸易主要分为两种形式：朝贡贸易与民间贸易。

Sino-Siamese trade had two forms , tributary trade and civil trade .

清一口通商时期中暹贸易中的潮州籍华侨

Chaozhou Overseas Chinese in Sino-Siam Trade during the One-Port-Foreign-Trade Period of the Qing Dynasty

铑镀金吊坠轻暹水晶苹果和叶子在橄榄石晶体；黑色棉帘线与龙虾扣和扩链。

Rhodium-plated pendant with Light Siam crystal apple and leaf in Peridot crystal ; black cotton cord with lobster clasp and extender chain .

红色缎子手提旅行袋。钌镀弓盖匹配暹缎面水晶网。摘缎面表带。磁封。

Red satin hand-held bag . The ruthenium-plated bow is covered with matching Siam Satin Crystal Mesh . Removable satin strap . Magnetic closure .

展馆亮点亮点一：“和谐之旅”“和谐之旅”展厅将把人们带回古代，一同去探寻暹罗人的生活方式。

Highlight 1 : Journey of Harmony The " Journey of Harmony " will take visitors to the past to explore the lifestyle of Siamese people .

中暹双轨贸易作为亚洲贸易网络的一个重要的组成部分，朝贡贸易与私人贸易始终并行并此消彼长。

As one important part of the Asian trade net , the main feature of Sino-Siamese dual-script trade was that the tributary trade concurred with the civil trade from beginning to end .

应该说，在19世纪，中暹海上民间贸易保留了相当多的传统成分，商业的资本经营形式、商品的结构、贸易的结算以及商人的经商理念等方面都反映出这种特征。

It should be observed that the 19th century Sino-Siam maritime nongovernmental trade retained many traditional features which were showed out in commercial capital management , commodity composition , trade settlement and trade concepts .

此外，中暹海上民间贸易作为一项经济活动，也受到其它相关因素的影响，其中政府的政策导向对海上民间贸易的规模、方向产生重大的影响。

Besides , as an economic activity , the 19th century Sino-Siam maritime nongovernmental trade was influenced by other factors among which the orientation of government policies engendered impacts on the scale and trend of the trade .

明代中国外交关系中，与中国保持最持久、关系最友好的国家当推琉球与暹罗（即泰国），其中中暹外交是明代中国对东南亚地区外交的轴心。

In China 's diplomatic relations of Ming Dynasty , Liu Qiu and Siam ( i.e. Thailand ) were two nations who had kept longest and most friendly diplomatic relations with China and the China-Siam diplomatic relations was the axis power between China and the Southeast Asia nations .