多能细胞

胚胎干细胞（Embryonicstemcell，EScell）是来源于受精卵内细胞团（innercellmass，ICM）的多能细胞。

Embryonic stem ( ES ) cells are pluripotent cells derived from inner cell mass ( ICM ) of fertilized eggs .

在小鼠胚胎发育过程中，Oct-3/4基因只在全能和多能细胞中表达。

During the development of rat embryo , Oct-3 / 4 is expressed in only totipotent and pluripotent cells .

免疫荧光染色及RT-PCR检测，发现其表达多能性细胞及生殖细胞的标记，而且具有增殖能力，能够向三个胚层的细胞分化。

Immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR determination found that the cells express pluripotency , proliferation and germ cells ' markers .

表皮干细胞（epidermalstemcells，ESCs）是一类存在于皮肤组织中的多能性细胞，能够自我更新且具有多相分化潜能。

Epidermal stem cells ( ESCs ) are multipotent stem cells resided in the epidermis , which are self-renewal and potential to differentiate into different types of cells .

综述了胚胎多能性细胞、早期生殖细胞和ESC的研究进展及相互关系，发现ESC可源于多种细胞类型。

Here we review the progress of research regarding embryonic pluripotent cells , early germ cells and ESC .

胚胎干细胞（ESCs）是早期胚胎经体外分化建立的多能性细胞系，体外培养时保持未分化状态，可以传代增殖。

Embryonic stem cells ( ESCs ) are pluripotent cell lines of earlier embryonic origin cultivated in vitro with anti-differentiation factors . When cultured in vitro , ESCs can keep undifferentiation state and passage to the future generation .

犬骨髓成年多能祖细胞诱导分化血管内皮细胞的实验研究

Differentiation of vascular endothelial cells from canine bone marrow multipotent adult progenitor cells

胚胎干细胞是来自于囊胚内细胞团的多能性细胞。

ES cells are pluripotent stem cells , which are derived from inner cell mass of blastocyst .

人类诱导多能性细胞是如此新兴的技术，因而需要通过更多的研究理解其属性，以及它们与替代品之间的区别。

Human iPS cells are so new that much more research is needed to understand their properties and how they differ from their predecessors .

我们仍在从事胚胎干细胞的研究，因为我们对它们有相当的理解，并将它们与诱导多能性细胞进行比较，汤姆森博士说。

We are still working with embryonic stem cells , because we understand them well , and are comparing them with iPS cells , says Dr Thomson .

虽然与胚胎干细胞相比，诱导多能性细胞距直接用于病人治疗的商业化更为遥远，但诱导多能性细胞在研究和开发中却有更直接的应用。

While iPS cells may be even further from commercialisation than embryonic stem cells as direct therapy for patients , there are more immediate applications for pluripotent cells in research and development .

研究背景慢性髄细胞白血病（CML）是一种起源于多能造血干细胞的克隆性恶性血液病。

【 Research background 】 Chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ) is a clonal hematologic malignancy that arise in the stem cell compartment .

多能造血干细胞的不均一性Ⅲ.9天和13天CFU-S与脑相关表面抗原

The heterogeneity of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell ⅲ . the brain-associated surface antigen of day 9 and day 13 cfu-s ⅲ

结论：厚壳贻贝多糖能从细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能、单核巨噬细胞功能及NK细胞活性方面促进正常小鼠的免疫活性作用，并具有明显的抗肿瘤作用。

Conclusion : Crude polysaccharides solution can enhance the immunocompetence of normal mice through improving cellular immune function , humoral immune function , monocaryon-macrophage function and NK activity . Besides , they also have evident anti-tumor effect .

用脾集落技术结合有关方法对小鼠多能造血干细胞（CFU-S）的一些性质与功能做了观察。

The properties and functions of mouse pluripotential stem cells ( CFU-S ) were studied with spleen colony technique and other related methods .

慢性粒细胞白血病（Chronicmyeloidleukemia，CML）是一种骨髓多能造血干细胞异常增生的血液系统恶性肿瘤，占成人白血病的20%，目前尚无有效的治疗方法。

Chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ) is a malignant disease of human hematopoietic stem cell , accounting for 20 % of leukemias in adult . So far there is no effective treatment to put the majority of CML patients under control .

发现无细胞胎肝液能明显促进受抑制骨髓中多能造血干细胞（CFUS）的集落形成率，但对扩散盒内粒系祖细胞（CFUD）的增殖分化无促进作用。

It was discovered that FLL could significantly promote the rate productive of colony of CFU-S in the depressed marrow , but could not stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of CFU-D in the diffussion chamber .

目前，人多能性干细胞包括三种类型：人胚胎干细胞（ESC）、人胚胎生殖细胞（EGC）和人诱导多能性干细胞（iPS）。

Currently , there are three types of human pluripotent stem cells available for study : embryonic stem cells ( ESCs ), embryonic germ cells ( EGCs ), and induced pluripotent stem cells ( iPS ) .

采用体外细胞培养的方法，观察了小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对骨髓多能造血干细胞（CFU-S）和粒-单系祖细胞（CFU-GM）增殖的调控作用。

By using the techniques of spleen colony formation and culture of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro , we studied the actions of peritoneal macrophages of the mouse on the proliferation of colony forming unit-spleen ( CFU-S ) and colony forming unit - granulocyte monocyte ( CFU-GM ) .

猪胚胎多能性干细胞的分离培养

Isolation of pluripotent stem cells from cultured porcine germ cells

直到最近，“诱导多能性”细胞的生产看来似乎还是一种生物炼金术。

The production of iPS cells would have seemed like bio-alchemy until recently .

但科学家对“诱导多能性”细胞的实际优势更感兴趣。

But scientists are more interested in the practical advantage of iPS technology .

许多专家感到“诱导多能性”细胞的出现令“治疗性克隆”成为多余。

Many experts feel the advent of iPS cells makes therapeutic cloning redundant .

诱导性多能性干细胞是在体细胞中转入特定的转录因子诱导而来。

Induced pluripotent stem cells are derived from somatic cells with defined transcriptional factors .

肥大细胞是由骨髓的多能造血干细胞分化而来。

Mast cells are derived from pluripotent progenitor stem cells in the bone marrow .

制造不涉及真正胚胎的多能性干细胞的伦理优势很明显。

The ethical advantage of making pluripotent stem cells without involving an actual embryo is obvious .

因此，多能性干细胞在疾病治疗和组织工程中是一种重要的资源。

Thus , they represent an valuable resource for the repair of diseased or damaged tissues .

多能性干细胞也是体外研究胚胎发育的一种重要工具。

These cells also provide powerful tools for the study of early human embryonic development in vitro .

人多能造血祖细胞与前红系祖细胞体外培养的研究

A study on semi-solid culture assay method for human pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors and pre-erythroid progenitors in vitro

那些出于宗教原因反对胚胎研究的人，认为“诱导多能性”细胞的出现是他们祈祷的结果。

Those with religious objections to embryo research have hailed iPS cells as an answer to their prayers .