地圈

国际地圈－生物圈计划（IGBP）是当前地学领域最重要的科学活动之一，其核心项目古全球变化（PAGES）的主要目标是研究过去的全球变化问题。

The international geosphere biosphere program ( IGBP ) is one of the most important activities in the field of geoscience .

国际地圈-生物圈计划研究进展和展望

International Geosphere - Biosphere Program : Progress and Prospect

过去全球变化（PAGES）是国际地圈、生物圈计划（IGBP）的一个核心计划，从1991年开始预计施行到2010年。

PAGES is a core project of IGBP , which will cover twenty years from 1991 to 2010 AD.

本文证明了一个非邻接离心点（NAEV）图G是3-自中心图，当且仅当G是一个块并且G的每个顶点都有长度为6的最长局部测地圈。

This paper further shows that an Non-Adjacent Eccentric Vertex graph G is 3-self-centered if and only if G is a block and for each vertex v of G , there is no cycle locally geodesic at v and of length more than 6.Several algorithm ?

作为全球变化研究的主要核心计划，经过15年的研究，国际地圈-生物圈计划（IGBP）已经进入了第2研究阶段。

After 15-year study , as the core program of the global change research , IGBP is evolving into the second phase .

陆地样带研究已成为国际地圈-生物圈计划（IGBP）全球变化研究的重要手段与热点。

The terrestrial transect has already become an important approach and hot spot for International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme ( IGBP ) in the global change study .

国际地圈－生物圈计划（IGBP）的陆地样带中国东北森林草原陆地样带（NECT）的提出为中国全球变化研究奠定了基础。

Northeast China transect ( NECT ) is one of the IGBP terrestrial transects , which will promote the study of global change and terrestrial ecosystems in China .

全球变化与陆地生态系统相互关系的研究是国际地圈生物圈计划（IGBP）的核心研究计划之一，也是整个全球变化的研究核心领域之一。

As one of the core projects of IGBP and the global change study , GCTE-Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems is a hot research topic for the global ecological community .

在国际地圈与生物圈计划（IGBP）和全球环境变化人文计划（IHDP）的共同推动下，土地利用/土地覆盖变化所引起的环境影响及其环境安全评价已成为全球变化研究的核心。

Land use and land cover change arose environmental problems , the effects and evaluation of environment has become hos-pot in the study of global change with joint promotion of IGBP and HDP .

1995年，国际地圈&生物圈计划（IGBP）与国际全球环境变化人文方面计划（IHDP）联合推出了土地利用/覆盖变化研究计划，均将其纳入了自己的核心组分。

In 1995 , the International Geosphere-Biosphere program ( IGBP ) and the international human dimensions of global environmental change program ( IHDP ) co-launched the " land use / cover change research " program and included the core components of their own .

地圈和生物圈（全球变化）方案

Geosphere-biosphere ( global change ) programme

浅海物质循环是国际地圈生物圈计划的研究重点之一。

Material cycling on continental shelves is one of the critical issues of the International Geo-Biosphere Project .

水循环是联系地球地圈-生物圈-大气圈系统的纽带，是全球变化的核心问题之一。

Water cycle links " Geosphere-Biosphere-Atmosphere " system as one of the core issues of global change .

地圈，水圈和大气是流体；他们的主要差别是他们的黏性。

Geosphere , hydrosphere and atmosphere are fluids in motion ; their main difference is their viscosity .

国际地圈生物圈计划

International geosphere biosphere program

土壤圈在全球土壤变化中的研究内容包括：土壤圈与地圈各圈层的物质循环；

The research scope and contents of pedosphere in global soil changes include material cycling in pedosphere and the other geospheres ;

但对10￣（－1）～10￣1年的短期气候变化，地圈是否处于中心地位？

But for 10 ￣( - 1 )~ 10 ￣ 1 years short-term climate change , does geosphere act as dominate factor ?

作者建议对工程地圈系统的相互作用和动力过程进行深入系统的研究。这将有利于工程地质学科的整体发展和提高。

The author suggests to deepen the study of dynamic processes in the engineering-geosphere system for further developmet of engineering geology as a whole .

碳循环是循环中，碳是交换之间的水，大气，生物圈，地圈的地球。

The carbon cycle is the cycle in which carbon is exchanged between the hydrosphere , atmosphere , biosphere , and geosphere of the Earth .

因此，有关生命过程与地球环境相互关系的知识对于人类理解地球系统以及利用地圈、水圈和大气圈资源至关重要。

There fore the knowledge of the interactions between life processes and Earth environment is very helpful to understanding Earth system and utilizing the resources of geosphere , biosphere and hydrosphere .

水循环是联系地圈-生物圈-大气圈的纽带，是全球碳循环、水循环和食物纤维中的核心问题之一。

Water cycle is the bridge of cycle of the earth , biology and atmosphere . It also is the core issue of the global carbon cycle , water cycle and food fiber .

进而得出黄土高原的人为加速侵蚀在现代土壤侵蚀中占居主导地位，是地圈一生物圈综合作用的结果。

Then , proceed to the conclusion that the manmade accelerated erosion has hold a dominant position in modern soil erosion , it is the result of comprehensive function of geosphere and biosphere .

在短暂的作家生涯中曼斯菲尔德扮演两个角色：既是置身于都市文学圈外的现代主义文艺家，也是殖民地圈外的现代派。

In her short career , Katherine Mansfield holds two roles : the modernist artist stayed out of the circle of metropolitan literature as well as the modernist out of the circle of colonial literature .

如今，生物扰动对潮滩沉积物性质的改变已越来越引起国际地圈、生物圈计划的关注，尤其是生物扰动和水动力的耦合作用影响潮滩沉积物渗流差异问题。

Nowadays , the properties of sediments changed by bioturbation have been concerned by International Geosphere and Biosphere Plan ( IGBP ), especially the problems about the bioturbation and hydrodynamic coupling led to the tidal flat sediment flow differences .

本文还给出判定一个图是否为自中心图的算法，以及求出3-NAEV自中心图每个顶点的长度6的局部测地圈算法。

Are also given in this paper , whether a graph is self-centered or not which can be decided and the longest locally geodesic cycle of length 6 at each vertex in a 3-NA . EV self-centered graph can be found .

将皮肤湿润，轻轻地打圈把混合物涂抹在皮肤上。

Gently apply the scrub to wet skin using a circular motion .

任何一个处于传统农业社会阶段的国家，其经济发展进程都呈现出明显的人地循环圈现象。

There is a common phenomenon of cycle of population and cultivated land in any country that is in the stage of a traditional agricultural society .

抗逆型农业结构是耕地农业圈、水体农业圈、湖洲农业圈、丘岗地农业圈同步开发，以开发促发展，促稳定，达到经济、社会、生态三个效益同步提高。

Agriculture structure of adversity-resistant is the synchronous exploitation of cultivated land , water , lakeland and hilly land , and is to improve the benefit of economy , society and ecology .

本文对图的粘接广义树的色多项式进行了讨论，得到了一个具有强对数凹度的图的粘接广义树的色多项式具有单峰性，特别地，圈的粘接广义树的色多项式具有单峰性。

It is concluded in this paper that the chromatic polynomials of the joining generalized trees of a graph G which has strong logarithmic concavity are of unimodal property , particularly the joining generalized trees of cycle Cn .

轻轻地打圈移动牙刷，确保尽可能刷到牙龈线下面。但是不要太过用力，否则会导致牙龈出血。

Move the brush in small circles using short gentle motions , making sure that you get under the gum line as much as possible.But don 't brush too roughly - it may cause your gums to bleed .