初级精母细胞

方法：用香烟烟蒂生理盐水浸泡液为实验材料进行小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞（PCE）微核试验和睾丸初级精母细胞染色体畸变试验。

Methods : Micronucleus test in bone marrow PCE and chromosome aberration assay in primary spermatocyte were undertaken in mice exposed to the immersion .

6,7周龄小鼠睾丸中p38MAPK表达较丰富，免疫反应阳性细胞为精原细胞和初级精母细胞，免疫阳性反应物均主要位于细胞核内。

The immunolocalization of p38 MAPK was in spermatogonium and primary spermatocyte with positive substance in nucleus .

根据染毒到制片的间隔时间判断，氟化钠和氯化主要作用于减数分裂前的G1和S期初级精母细胞。

According to the time interval between treatment and slide preparation they mainly affected G1-and S-phase of primary spermatocytes in pre-meiosis .

出生后第15d，出现初级精母细胞；

Primary spermatocytes were observed at the 15th postnatal day .

抗c-kit抗体免疫化学染色显示：粗线期初级精母细胞、精原细胞反应呈阳性，Sertoli细胞、圆形精子细胞、精子反应呈阴性。

In immunocytochemistry staining , PPS and spermatogonia displayed positive staining , while Sertoli cell , round spermatid and sperm displayed negative staining .

结果：在配置Hoffman镜头的倒置显微镜下人睾丸圆形细胞主要可分为4群：支持细胞（Sertoli）细胞，粗线期初级精母细胞，精原细胞，圆形精子细胞。

Results : Sertoli cell , primary pachytene spermatocyte ( PPS ), spermatogonia , round spermatid were the main four round cell groups that can be classified under Hoffman optics .

初级精母细胞（PS）植入GV期卵胞质后，能够完成第一次减数分裂，但很多重构卵都排出异常大的第一极体，染色体也不能完全凝集。

Meiotic maturation could be achieved in reconstructed oocytes matured after primary spermatocyte was transferred into GV ooplasm , but the first polar body was very large and the proportion of oocytes with adequately condensed chromosome was very low .

通过分析初级精母细胞的染色体畸变，观察预先小剂量照射（D1）对第二次大剂量辐射损伤的影响。

D2 ( 1.5 Gy X-rays ) was given 40 days after exposure to D1 . The effect of chronic or fractional pre-exposure of low dose radiation on the chromosome damage induced by subsequently high dose irradiation was observed .

免疫组织化学结果显示5只大鼠睾丸组织生精细胞中均有COX2表达，其中初级精母细胞为强阳性，COX2定位于曲细精管内的生精细胞。

Expression of COX-2 was localized in spermatogenic cells on immunohistochemical study . No COX-2 expression in sertoli cells and leydig cells was found .

结果表明：（1）在中华蚱蜢的精子发生中，PNA受体是由初级精母细胞合成，然后转移到膜上，在次级精母细胞，由于量的积累其质膜出现了强阳性标记；

The results show : ( 1 ) In testis , PNA receptors sites were firstly observed in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of primary spermatocyte , and greatly increased in the plasma membrane of second spermatocyte , then decreased and were accumulated in the tail of the round spermatid .

初级精母细胞为22∶4∶1；

Of primary spermatocytes was 22 ∶ 4 ∶ 1 ;

小鼠睾丸初级精母细胞染色体畸变试验方法改进及应用

Method improvement for chromosome aberration test of mouse primary spermatocyte

胀亡初级精母细胞的形态观察及测量

The morphologic observation and measurement of oncotic primary spermatocytes

120日龄左右为初级精母细胞增殖期；

Primary spermatocyte proliferation period ( 120 days old );

初级精母细胞减数分裂早期同源染色体配对明显可见，并形成联会复合体。

The homologous chromosomes started pairing and forming synaptonemal complex in the primary spermatocytes .

少数初级精母细胞可以在体外进行减数分裂形成一个精子细胞的四分体。

Minority of spermatocytes occurred meiosis to form a quadrant of spermatids in vitro .

初级精母细胞能分化为精子细胞，分化率平均为4.54%~6.51%；

Primary spermatocytes could grow into sperm cells , with differentiation rate of 4.54 % to 6.51 % ;

目的研究患者精液中胀亡初级精母细胞的各种形态及变化规律。

Objective To study the various morphological changes and regularities in oncotic primary spermatocytes from patient 's semen .

在初级精母细胞阶段，前期Ⅰ至末期Ⅰ的细胞形态变化明显。

At the stage of primary spermatocyte , the cell morphology changed dramatically from prophase I to telophase I.

均未检出对雌雄小鼠嗜多染红细胞及雄性小鼠睾丸初级精母细胞染色体的诱变活性。

Aberration test to micronuclei of polychromatophilic erythroblasts and chromosomes of primary spermatogonia of mouse testes did not induce aberration activity .

初级精母细胞染色质呈非浓缩状，胞质中具众多的内质网小泡，特殊的膜系及晶格状结构。

The primary spermatocyte contains decondensed chromatin , a large amount of endoplasmic reticulum vesicles , special membrane system and crystalline lattices .

工蚁在次级精母细胞中最高，在精原细胞和初级精母细胞中较低。

In the workers , a strong expression of Bcl-2-like was shown in secondary spermatocytes , and a lower expression level in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes .

黄颡鱼初级精母细胞的前期出现联会复合体，应是同源染色体之间进行同源基因交换的标志。

The prophase of primary spermatocyte would appear synaptonemal complex , which should been the symbol that the homologous chromosome carried through the change of homologous gene .

胀亡初级精母细胞可表现出一系列的形态学变化：（1）细胞核肿胀明显，几乎占满整个胞体；

Oncotic primary spermatocytes can exhibit a series of morphologic changes : ( 1 ) Cell nucleus swelled obviously , and almost fill the whole cell body ;

目的：估计正常成人精子发生的成熟分裂过程中一个初级精母细胞实际形成了多少个精子细胞，从而评价成熟分裂的效率。

Objective : To estimate the number of spermatids generated by one primary spermatocyte and thus evaluate the efficiency of meiosis during spermatogenesis in normal adult men .

精母细胞期：精巢体积增大，半透明乳白色，主要由处于初级精母细胞和次级精母细胞阶段的生殖细胞组成；

The testis at spermatocyte phase develops , and is translucent , and the spermatogenetic cells in seminiferous tubule are primarily composed of primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes .

其中最强信号出现在精巢发生期和增殖期的精原细胞和初级精母细胞中，在次级精母细胞中信号较低，在成熟的精子细胞中信号很弱。

Within the testes , the strongest signals for Cq-PHB were found in spermatogonia , with lower positive signals in secondary spermatocytes , and weak or absent signals in mature sperm .

氟铃脲各剂量组的小鼠睾丸初级精母细胞染色体畸变细胞率、常染色体单价体发生率和性染色体单价体发生率与阴性对照组比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

The incidence rates of chromosome aberration cells , autosome univalent and sex chromosome univalent had no significant difference between the hexaflumuron-treated groups and the negative control ( P > 0.05 ) in the chromosome aberration test of primary spermatocyte of mice .

结果皮下注射丙烯腈2mg/kg，4mg/kg和8mg/kg组小鼠睾丸初级精母细胞染色体畸变率、细胞畸变率及精子畸形率均显著高于阴性对照组。

Results The rates of chromosome aberration of primary spermatocyte , cell deformity and sperm deformity were significantly higher in the animals treated with 2 mg / kg , 4 mg / kg and 8 mg / kg of AN by subcutaneous injection than those with negative controls .

精子表面的PNA凝集素受体出现于精子发生早期，并在初级、次级精母细胞有大量表达；

PNA binding glycoconjugates appeared in early spermatogenesis and expressed in primary and secondary spermatocytes ;