产品规模经济

标准化产品具有规模经济效应，降低产品成本。

Standardization can cause economy of scale and lowered cost .

二是对产业内贸易的两个基础&差异产品和规模经济的探讨并据此提出对我国汽车产业发展的建议。

Secondly , the paper discusses the two elements for intra-industry , that are differentiated goods and scale economies .

由于信息产品供方规模经济和需方规模经济的共同作用，垄断在信息产业是必然的。

In information industry , due to the co-action of suppliers ' and demanders ' economy of scale , the monopoly is inevitable .

譬如我国农产品生产规模经济的缺失、农产品物流水平的落后以及农业科技成果转化率低。

For example , the lack of economies of scale in production of agricultural products in China , the level of backwardness of agricultural product logistics , as well as agricultural science and technology into low .

产业内贸易主要源于产品差异与规模经济。

Intra-industry trade is mainly due to product differentiation and scale of economy .

基于产品差异和规模经济的贸易利益，比基于比较优势的贸易利益要大得多。

On the basis of different products and trade interests of large-scale economy , interests are much bigger than based on comparative advantage trade .

外资进入从资本规模、技术、产品差异、规模经济等几个方面提高了国内资本的进入壁垒；

It also increases the barriers to entry for domestic capital in terms of the capital scale , technology , product differentiation and scale of economies .

包括基于比较优势和要素禀赋的传统比较优势贸易理论，建立在产品差异、规模经济和不完全竞争上的产业内贸易理论，动态贸易结构优化的理论等。

Related theories include traditionally comparative advantage trade theory based on comparative advantages and factors , internal industry theory and dynamic trade structure optimization based on differences of product , scale economy and uncompleted competition .

在产业经济学中用于研究商品市场结构的三个指标是：集中度、产品差异化和规模经济，这些指标并不适合用于研究劳动力市场。

In industrial economy , the 3 indexes used to study the structure of merchandise market are : Concentrate degree , product discrepancy and scale economy , these indexes are improper in the study of labor force market .

从市场集中度、产品差别化、规模经济水平和进入退出壁垒等四个方面对新疆农产品加工行业的市场结构进行实证分析。

From market concentration , differentiation of products , economies of scale and the barriers to entry and exit , it makes an empirical analysis on the market structure of the industry of agricultural product processing in Xinjiang .

以产品差异化、规模经济和不完全竞争因素为基础的产业内贸易是当前国际贸易理论研究的前沿问题和热点，它有力地解释了当今世界经济贸易中广泛存在的经济现象。

Intra-industry trade is currently a hot research of international trade theory , it is a good explanation of the emergence of the current international trade . Intra-industry trade based on three pillars : the product differentiation , the scale economies and the imperfect competition .

信息产品的高固定成本、低边际成本的特殊成本结构使信息产品具有巨大的供方规模经济性；而信息产品的网络外部性又使信息产品具有需方规模经济性。

The special cost structure of information goods , high fixed cost and low marginal cost , makes the information goods hold suppliers ' economy of scale , and the network externality of information goods make it hold demanders ' economy of scale .