下止点

因此排气门在下止点之前打开，在上止点之后关闭。

So the exhaust valve opens before BDC and closes after TDC .

在往复运动周期内，上、下止点处，声发射信号最弱；行程中部附近区域，声发射信号最强；行程中部时，声发射信号呈下降趋势。

The acoustic emission signal will be the weakest in the top and bottom dead center in reciprocating movement cycle , while the signal is the strongest around the central area . A trend of decline of acoustic emission signals is showed in the central area .

这种凸轮轴使得当发动机活塞接近吸气行程下止点时，EGR凸轮使排气门略微开启，利用缸内较大的真空度将排气管中的废气吸入气缸，从而实现内部EGR。

This kind of camshaft makes EGR exhaust cam open the exhaust valve slightly when piston close to the bottom dead center in suction stroke , and then the large vacuum degree will suck the exhaust gas in exhaust pipe into the cylinder , in order to achieve internal EGR .

肱二头肌腱下止点断裂&附3例病案报告

Rupture of the distal insertion of the biceps tendon report of 3 cases

本文报道了3例肱二头肌腱下止点断裂的病例，指出本伤的发生是由于末端病及强有力的肌肉收缩所致。

Three cases with rupture of distal insertion of brachial biceps tendon had been reported .

随着活塞朝下止点的向下运动，一些空气燃料混合气的新鲜充量将被吸入气缸。

A fresh charge of air-fuel mixture will be drawn into the cylinder as the piston moves down toward .

在活塞到达下止点时，或者是活塞下限时，活塞开始向上运动。

After the piston reaches BDC , or the lower limit of its travel , it begins to move upward .

在活塞通过下止点，并开始上升时，活塞经过进气口和排气口，将其堵

" After the piston has passed through BDC and starts up again , it passes Both ports , thus sealing them off . "

韧带上下止点撕脱骨折29例，前交叉韧带实质断裂12例，膝关节合并伤21例。41例均在伤后1～19天内手术。

Twenty nine cases of tear off ligament fractures , 12 cases of anterior cruciate ligament rupture and 21 knee joint damages have been operated on or treated within 1 to 19 days after injury .

排气行程：活塞运动到汽缸的下止点，排气阀打开，空气和燃料构成的混合气体燃烧后产生的废气由排气系统排出。

Exhaust stroke : After the piston reaches the bottom of the cylinder , the exhaust valve opens and the gasses left over from the fuel and air are sent out to the exhaust system .

如果排气门在排气行程的下止点打开并且在这次行程的上止点关闭，它将有180°的持续。

If the exhaust valve opened at BDC at the beginning of the exhaust stroke and closed at TDC at the end of the exhaust stroke , it would have a duration of 180 ° .

关节镜下保留止点半腱肌及股薄肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带

Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with semitendinosus muscle tendon and gracilis muscle tendon of keeping insertion

正常生理情况下，肌腱止点处的特殊结构可以使这一区域的组织具有较好的抗张力强度。

In physiological situations , the special structure of the tendon can make the regional tissue has better tensile strength .

目的：介绍在关节镜下采用保留止点半腱肌及股薄肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带的手术方法，探讨其临床效果。

Objective To study the clinical outcome of arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with semitendinosus muscle tendon and gracilis muscle tendon of keeping insertion .

方法①游离缝匠肌下1/3段，止点不切断移至髌骨前，建立髌骨向内可变拉应力，治疗髌骨向外移位引起的早期髌股关节炎。

Methods ① Patellofemoral arthritis at the early stage which is caused by the patella moving to the lateral was treated by freeing the lower 1 / 3 part of the sartorius muscle and pre-transferring the sartorius muscle without detaching the insertion in order to establish a dynamic patella ligament .

关节镜下8字缝线法治疗成人前交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折24例

Arthroscopic technique of figure-of-eight suture fixation for avulsion fracture of anterior cruciate ligament in adults : report of 24 cases

这个活塞上下活动，没有响声。内径指的是气缸的直径；行程是活塞从下止点运行到上止点的距离。表述时，内径总是写在前面。

The Bore is the diameter of the cylinder . The stroke is the distance the piston travels from BDC ( Bottom dead center ) to TDC ( top dead center ) . The Bore is always mentioned first .