scratch
- n.划痕;(皮肤或物体表面上的)划伤;搔痒;挠痒;刮(或擦、抓)的刺耳声
- v.挠(痒处);抓伤(皮肤);划破;刮坏;(尤指意外地)擦破;取消;勉强维持生活;刮出（或刮去）痕迹;刮（或擦、抓）出刺耳声
- adj.仓促拼凑的;无让步的;无让杆的
复数： scratches 过去式： scratched 现在分词： scratching 过去分词： scratched 第三人称单数： scratches
scratchverb
用指甲挠 rub with your nails
挠，搔（痒处）
to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching
John yawned and scratched his chin.
约翰打个哈欠，挠挠下巴。
The dog scratched itself behind the ear.
狗用爪子挠挠耳后。
Try not to scratch.
尽量别挠。
She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.
她挠了挠胳膊上虫咬的包。
划破皮肤 cut skin
划破，抓破，划伤，抓伤（皮肤）
to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp
I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.
我把腿抓出了血。
She scratched herself on a nail.
她在钉子上划了一下。
Does the cat scratch?
这只猫抓人吗？
损坏表面 damage surface
（尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏
to damage the surface of sth, especially by accident, by making thin shallow marks on it
Be careful not to scratch the furniture.
小心别刮坏家具。
The car's paintwork is badly scratched.
车的漆面划损得很厉害。
造成 / 去除痕迹 make/remove mark
刮出（或刮去）痕迹；划下（或擦去）痕迹
to make or remove a mark, etc. on sth deliberately, by rubbing it with sth hard or sharp
They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch.
他们在地上划出一个球场。
We scratched some of the dirt away.
我们刮掉了一些脏东西。
You can scratch my name off the list.
你可以把我的名字从名单上勾掉。
发出声音 make sound
刮（或擦、抓）出刺耳声
to make an irritating noise by rubbing sth with sth sharp
His pen scratched away on the paper.
他的笔在纸上沙沙作响。
生计 a living
勉强维持生活
to make enough money to live on, but with difficulty
取消 cancel
取消；撤销；退出
to decide that sth cannot happen or sb/sth cannot take part in sth, before it starts
to scratch a rocket launch
取消火箭发射计划
The horse was scratched from the race because of injury.
这匹马因伤被取消了比赛资格。
She had scratched because of a knee injury.
她因膝伤退出了比赛。
to think hard in order to find an answer to sth
to deal with, understand, or find out about only a small part of a subject or problem
used to say that if sb helps you, you will help them, even if this is unfair to others
（尤指艰难地）搜寻，查寻，查找
to search for sth, especially with difficulty
画掉，勾掉，删除（名字等）
to remove a word, especially a name, from sth written, usually by putting a line through it
noun
划痕；划伤 mark/cut
（皮肤或物体表面上的）划痕，划伤
a mark, a cut or an injury made by scratching sb's skin or the surface of sth
Her hands were covered in scratches from the brambles.
她手上布满了荆棘划的口子。
a scratch on the paintwork
漆面上的一道划痕
It's only a scratch (= a very slight injury) .
不过是轻微的划伤。
He escaped without a scratch (= was not hurt at all) .
他毫发未损地逃了出去。
声音 sound
刮（或擦、抓）的刺耳声
the unpleasant sound of sth sharp or rough being rubbed against a surface
用指甲 with your nails
挠痒；搔痒
the act of scratching a part of your body when it itches
Go on, have a good scratch!
来吧，好好挠一挠！
as good as sth/sb should be
他的工作根本达不到要求。
His work simply isn't up to scratch.
It'll take months to bring the band up to scratch.
得几个月工夫才能使乐队像个样子。
adj.
仓促拼凑的
put together in a hurry using whatever people or materials are available
a scratch team
一支仓促组建的队伍
无让步的；无让杆的
with no handicap
a scratch player
参加无让杆比赛的球手
scratch
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1
VERB 给…搔痒;给…挠痒
If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching.He scratched himself under his arm...
他在胳膊下面挠了挠。
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2
VERB 划伤;划出痕迹
If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface.The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face...
树枝刮破了我的夹克，划伤了我的手和脸。
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3
N-COUNT 划痕;擦痕
Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts.The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face and neck...
那名 7 岁男孩被发现时正在哭泣，脸部和颈部都有划伤。
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4
PHRASE 从零开始;从头做起;白手起家
If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before.Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging...
建立一个全新的家庭既让人兴奋又富于挑战。
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5
PHRASE 苦苦琢磨;绞尽脑汁
If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle.The Institute spends a lot of time scratching its head about how to boost American productivity.
该协会花费大量时间苦苦思索如何提高美国的生产力。
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6
PHRASE 触及表面;隔靴搔痒;浅尝辄止
If you only scratch the surface of a subject or problem, you find out or do a small amount, but not enough to understand or solve it.Officials say they've only scratched the surface of the drug problem...
官员们说他们只是触及了毒品问题的表面。
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7
PHRASE 达到标准;合格;令人满意
If you say that someone or something is not up to scratch, you mean that they are not good enough.My mother always made me feel I wasn't coming up to scratch.
母亲总是使我觉得自己不够优秀。
noun
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1
- an indication of damage
- Synonym: scrape scar mark
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2
- (golf) a handicap of zero strokes
- a golfer who plays at scratch should be able to achieve par on a course
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3
- poor handwriting
- Synonym: scribble scrawl cacography
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4
- a harsh noise made by scraping
- the scrape of violin bows distracted her
- Synonym: scrape scraping scratching
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5
- dry mash for poultry
- Synonym: chicken feed
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6
- a line indicating the location of the start of a race or a game
- Synonym: start starting line scratch line
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7
- a competitor who has withdrawn from competition
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8
- informal terms for money
- Synonym: boodle bread cabbage clams dinero dough gelt kale lettuce lolly lucre loot moolah pelf shekels simoleons sugar wampum
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9
- a depression scratched or carved into a surface
- Synonym: incision prick slit dent
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10
- an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off
- Synonym: abrasion scrape excoriation
verb
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1
- cause friction
- my sweater scratches
- Synonym: rub fray fret chafe
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2
- cut the surface of;wear away the surface of
- Synonym: scrape scratch up
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3
- carve, cut, or etch into a material or surface
- engrave a pen
- engraved the trophy cupt with the winner's
- the lovers scratched their names into the bark of the tree
- Synonym: engrave grave inscribe
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4
- gather (money or other resources) together over time
- She had scraped together enough money for college
- they scratched a meager living
- Synonym: scrape scrape up come up
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5
- remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line
- Please strike this remark from the record
- scratch that remark
- Synonym: strike expunge excise
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6
- scrape or rub as if to relieve itching
- Don't scratch your insect bites!
- Synonym: rub itch
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7
- postpone indefinitely or annul something that was scheduled
- Call off the engagement
- cancel the dinner party
- we had to scrub our vacation plans
- scratch that meeting--the chair is ill
- Synonym: cancel call off scrub
数据来源：WordNet
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Knives will scratch the worktop .
小刀会在工作台上留下划痕。
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Physical Model and Research Development of Scratch Test
划痕试验法的物理模型及研究现状
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It 'll take months to bring the band up to scratch .
得几个月工夫才能使乐队像个样子。
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Go on , have a good scratch !
来吧，好好挠一挠！
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His work simply isn 't up to scratch .
他的工作根本达不到要求。
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You can scratch my name off the list .
你可以把我的名字从名单上勾掉。
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The horse was scratched from the race because of injury .
这匹马因伤被取消了比赛资格。
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They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch .
他们在地上划出一个球场。
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She had scratched because of a knee injury .
她因膝伤退出了比赛。
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This will help to heal your cuts and scratches .
这个会有助于治好割伤和擦伤。
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The dog scratched itself behind the ear .
狗用爪子挠挠耳后。
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Be careful not to scratch the furniture .
小心别刮坏家具。
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Don 't worry , it 's only a scratch ─ you 'll survive .
别担心，只不过是划伤，你没事的。
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Try not to scratch .
尽量别挠。
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I 'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding .
我把腿抓出了血。
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He escaped without a scratch .
他毫发未损地逃了出去。
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Aside from a few scratches , I 'm OK .
除了几处擦伤外，我安然无恙。
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We scratched some of the dirt away .
我们刮掉了一些脏东西。
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She scratched at the insect bites on her arm .
她挠了挠胳膊上虫咬的包。
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They knocked off $ 60 because of a scratch .
因为有擦痕他们将价格降了60元。
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Her hands were covered in scratches from the brambles .
她手上布满了荆棘划的口子。
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Does the cat scratch ?
这只猫抓人吗？
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The dog whined and scratched at the door .
那狗嗷嗷地叫着抓门。
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The car 's paintwork is badly scratched .
车的漆面划损得很厉害。
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She scratched herself on a nail .
她在钉子上划了一下。
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John yawned and scratched his chin .
约翰打个哈欠，挠挠下巴。
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My mother always made me feel I wasn 't coming up to scratch .
母亲总是使我觉得自己不够优秀。
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Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging
建立一个全新的家庭既让人兴奋又富于挑战。
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I had to wear long sleeves to stop myself scratching .
我只好穿上长袖衣服以免自己挠痒。
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The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side
老人撩起开襟毛衣挠了挠身体的一侧。
- 短语动词
- 习语