砧骨

三维CT能生动地显示锤骨、砧骨的立体形态及空间关系。

3D CT can vividly demonstrate the shape and spatial relationships of malleus and incus .

砧骨短脚或砧骨窝及外半规管是乳突手术中确定FN锥曲段的重要标志。

Short limb of incus ( or incudal fossa ) and lateral semicircular canal are important landmarks by which pyramidal segment of FN might be located in manipulation of mastoid .

结果：HRCT显示听小骨畸形的类型有：1完全缺如：8耳（锤、砧骨同时缺如6耳，单纯锤骨缺如2耳）。

Results : HRCT appearances of this series with auditory ossicle abnormalities were as follows : 1 whole ossicular absence in 8 ears ( absence of both malleus and incus in 6 ears and only malleus in 2 ears );

SSD能清晰显示颞骨重要的骨性结构，如内耳门、前庭导水管外口等，冠状位切割后的SSD图像能生动地显示锤骨、砧骨的立体形态及空间关系；

The SSD images could show the important bony marks of temporal bone and the spatial relationships between them perspicuously . The coronal dissected images of SSD can vividly demonstrate the shape and the spatial relationships of malleus and incus .

矢状位重建图像上砧骨短脚窝形态与解剖相似，与面神经管的最短距离为2.88±0.41mm；

The configuration of the fossa of the short process of the incus was similar with anatomy on the sagittal of CPR , the distance was 2.88 + 0.41 mm ;

结论砧骨短脚是手术的重要标志；

Conclusion The crus breve incudis is an important marker for operation .

砧骨体厚度差异显著（P<0.05）。

The differences of thickness of the corpus incudis are significant ( P < 0.05 ) .

她把那块砧骨指给我看。

She pointed out the anvil .

对听小骨破坏尤其是砧骨均以鼓室窦型胆脂瘤及鼓膜紧张部型胆鳆瘤病耳最严重。

Destruction of the incus was by far the most common ossicular defect in all cholesteatoma ears .

实验结果表明，砧骨激励式压电振子在低功耗、低电压下，便能对听力损伤进行有效的补偿。

The results show that , the incus driving type piezoelectric vibrator can compensate hearing loss efficiently under lower power consumption and lower voltage .

在显微镜下观察豆状突的形态与砧骨长脚之间的关系，观察砧骨长脚与豆状突之间的微细结构和组织切片。

The relationship between the long limbs of incus and the lenticular process was studied by observing the micro structure and tissue section with microscope .

结果正常听骨链中锤、砧骨及镫骨前后脚、锤砧关节、砧镫关节等都得到满意显示，镫骨底板显示欠佳。

Results In normal cases , Malleus , incus , stapes crura , incudomalleolar joints and incudostapedial joints were displayed well , but stapes footplate unsatisfactorily .

目的：研究人体听骨中砧骨长脚及豆状两骨之间的关系，砧骨长脚末端的豆状突在听骨链解剖中是否为一块独立的骨。

Objective : To study the development of the lenticular process of incus , and to make clear whether the lenticular processes are separated in ossicular chain .

结论乳突皮质骨及自体砧骨是很好的鼓室成型材料，自体血凝块加明胶海绵小碎块是良好的重建听骨链的支撑材料。

Conclution mastoid cortex bone and self-incus are feasible materiat to tympanoplasty , while self-thrombus and gelatin sponge is good support material for reconstructing auditory ossicle chains .

关于砧镫关节及砧骨长脚下部的血供，来自镫骨方面的动脉多于砧骨方面的动脉。

The arterial supply of incudostapedial joint and the distal portion of the incuscomes from the vessels passing to them from the stapes rather than from the incudalsource .

面神经水平段标志位于砧骨短突之下；在水平半规管隆突前缘向前上呈30°行走；

Landmarks for horizontal segment of the facial nerve : the facial nerve tracks forward inferior to short process of incus and anterior to horizontal semicircular canal carina in 30 angel .

随着观察阈值上限的升高，镫骨和/或砧骨长脚及其砧镫关节首先逐渐变小、变细乃至消失。

When the threshold value was raised , the stapes , and the long crus of the incus , and the incudostapedial joint was diminished , and thin , and even disappeared .

骨性外耳道闭锁最常见的伴随听骨畸形是锤骨柄发育不全（10例），中耳腔变窄、听骨缺如3例，锤砧融合伴砧骨长突缺如1例。

Absence of OC associated with coarctation of middle ear cavity ( 3 cases ) and fusion of the malleus and incus associated with absence of long process of incus represented in 1 case .

结果（1）锤骨头、颈、柄，砧骨体等在横、冠状位上的显示率均为100%，其余结构在两个位置上的显示率有不同程度的差异。

Results ( 1 ) The demonstrating rate of the head , neck and handle of malleus on both transverse and coronal plane was 100 % . The other structures were seen in different degrees .

中耳骨是由锤骨、砧骨和镫骨这三块独立的骨骼组成，这种结构与其他任何纲目的动物都有所不同：爬行动物与两栖动物都只有单个耳骨，而鱼类则没有。

Comprising three separate bones , the malleus , the incus and the stapes , this structure is unlike that of any other class of animal : reptiles and amphibians have one bone while fish have none .

24耳行手术治疗，术中发现锤、砧骨发育不全19耳，镫骨畸形11耳，镫骨缺失3耳，前庭窗闭锁1耳。

Twenty-four ears treated by canaloplasty of external auditory meatus and tympanoplasty , hammer and incus hypoplasia in 19 ears , stapes abnormity were demonstrated in 11 ears , ossicles absence in 3 ears , vestibular window clausura in 1 ears .

搭建了自行设计的可用于人工中耳测试的颞骨实验平台，并基于该实验平台对所设计的砧骨激励式压电振子的听力损伤补偿能力进行实验研究。

A human temporal bone experimental plateform , which used for middle ear implants ' performance test , was self-designed and built . And the hearing loss compensation capability of the designed incus driving type piezoelectric vibrator was tested on this plateform .

补偿同样程度的听力损伤，砧骨长突所需的激振力小于激励砧骨体所需的力，且激振效果不敏感于植入手术误差。

Besides , incus long process is an ideal attachment point for vibrator as only a small excitation force is required to compensate a same level of hearing loss , and its compensation effect is less sensitive to surgical error . 4 .

方法：在鼓室成形术中运用激光处理听骨链或其周围病灶14耳，术中激光操作主要用于锤砧骨与上鼓室骨性融合、听骨链周围的纤维瘢痕组织及切除锤骨头等。

Method : The diode laser was used in 14 tympanoplasty procedures . The laser manipulation was mainly used in cases of malleus and incus bony fixation with the tympanum , the fibrous scar tissue around the ossicular chain and the malleus head resection .