纳摩尔

表观解离常数（Kd）在纳摩尔范围内，在生物应用中具有足够的敏感性。另外，多种生物体中重要的金属离子对1的荧光没有影响，如Ca2+、Mg2+等。

Apparent dissociation constant ( Kd ) was in the nanomolar range , which afforded sufficient sensitivity for biological applications .

结果表明，将未修饰PNA与聚合微球吸附或封装在自体红细胞，均可在纳摩尔浓度水平实现反义活性。

Both delivery through polymeric microspheres and encapsulation into erythrocytes allowed the antisense activity of unmodified PNAs at nanomolar concentration .

同时，纳摩尔浓度的OA和CalA明显抑制青杆花粉萌发以及花粉管的生长，并导致部分青杆花粉管畸形生长。

At nanomolar concentrations , OA and CalA clearly inhibited pollen germination and tube growth and led to abnormal morphology of pollen tubes .

从我们目前的了解看，此研究首次表明，在巨噬细胞中，肽核酸能在纳摩尔浓度水平发挥反义效果。

To our knowledge , this is the first evidence of in vitro PNA antisense effect at nanomolar concentrations in phagocytic cells .