液泡化

无机盐诱导蓝藻细胞液泡化

Cell vacuolization induced by inorganic salts in cyanobacterium

小孢子液泡化过程中核糖体再次减少，同时线粒体和质体结构简化；

During microspore vacuolization , their ribosomes declined in quantity again and their mitochondria and plastids became simplified in their structures ;

其花蜜腺在发育过程中液泡化动态明显，PAS反应测试细胞具阳性物质，淀粉粒积累动态较明显。

The result of PAS reaction shows that the cell test was positive as the starch grains obviously accumulated .

但表皮和皮层细胞直到根毛区才高度液泡化。

But the more vacuolation of epidermis and cortex appeared in root-hair region .

种子萌发过程中蛋白体逐渐液泡化，其降解方式可分为三种类型：（1）内部降解类型；

There are three degradation patterns of protein bodies ,( 1 ) internal degradation ;

伸长时体积的扩大伴随着细胞的液泡化。

The increase in volume during elongation is accompanied by a vacuolation of the cell .

而非胚性愈伤组织由无规则状态的细胞组成，高度液泡化，胞质稀少。

While the non-embryogenic calli consisted of non-regular shaped cells with big central vacuole and thin cytoplasm .

595最为敏感，五种盐均诱导其液泡化；颤藻284和极大螺旋藻438最不敏感，所试验盐类均不能诱导其液泡化；

Anabaena sp. 595 was the most sensitive , vacuole could be induced by all salts tested .

淀粉粒的积累，多核小孢子的液泡化以及花药壁的衰退都可影响雄核发育。

The accumulation of starch , vacuolation of multinucleate microspores and degeneration of anther wall affected microsporic embryogenesis .

观察到具细长胚柄的原胚及液泡化原胚等异常的胚胎类型；

A few abnormal embryos were observed , for instance , proembryos with elongated suspensor and vacuolated proembryos .

充实期：糊粉粒和脂体小球大量出现并充实，细胞液泡化程度降低。

Enrichment : A mass of aleurone grains and lipid bodies appeared and were enriched , the number of vacuoles reduced .

在稃片发育过程中，内层薄壁细胞结构一直比较清晰，细胞增大明显，液泡化显著。

In the whole course of hull development , the inner parenchyma cells maintained distinct cell structure with enlarged cell size and obvious vacuolization .

发酵早期的菌丝主要利用碳水化合物，结构上表现为线粒体丰富，液泡化程度低。

Carbohydrates were taken as the main substrate and the hyphae were rich in mitochondria while the degree of vacuolization was low at the early stage .

叶绿体超微结构的这种变化与高度液泡化的叶肉细胞脱分化至分生状态是平行的。

The changes in the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts parallel with the highly vacuolated mesophyll cells from a dedifferentiation to a less differentiated , meristematic state .

文中讨论了高度液泡化细胞脱分化与细胞中叶绿体脱分化的关系。

A correlation was discussed between the dedifferentiation of the highly vacuolate cells induced by the subculturing process and a dedifferentiation of the chloroplasts with the cells .

解剖结构：因缺素造成叶片脉间失绿和发黄部位是叶肉细胞内的叶绿体数目及内含物减少，液泡化明显的结果。

Anatomical structure : As a result of vacuolation and reduction of the number inclusion and of chloroplast , the leaf space between veins showed chlorisis and etiolation .

受菌丝侵染的茭白地上茎薄壁细胞分裂增多，体积加大，并高度液泡化，使茎膨大。

Cells of the parenchymatous tissue of infected portion of host plant divide rapidly with newly formed cells in great enlargement and high vacuolization which causes the shoot swelling .

雄性细胞异常发育有几种情况：小孢子母细胞强烈液泡化，细胞质收缩解体，不能进入减数分裂；

The situation of abnormal development of male cells is as follows : microspore mother cell can 't enter into meiosis because of intense vacuolation , shrink and disintegration of its cytoplasm ;

发现在水培或砂培35天至54天期限内，缺钾对棉株结构的影响，首先反映在液泡化程度较高的薄壁组织部位，如叶片中的叶肉薄壁细胞、茎的皮层部位等。

It was found , the effect of potash deficiency at first appeared in the parenchyma , that was vacuolation , such as the mesophyll of leaf , the cortex of stem et al .

结果显示：应用高浓度的多聚甲醛（8%）可以很好地保持大液泡化细胞的结构和微管的抗原性。

Results showed that the use of high paraformaldehyde concentration ( 8 % ) allowed good fixation of prothallus cells , which are characterized by numerous ( meristematic cells ) and big ( large_vacuolated cells ) vacuoles .

在大蒜发芽叶愈伤组织发生过程中，线粒体、内质网、核糖体和质体的数量呈增加趋势，结构呈完善趋势，细胞液泡化程度降低；

In the process of callus induction from garlic sprout leaf , the amount of organelles as mitochondria , endoplasmic reticulum , ribosomes and plas-tid increased successively , their structures flourished gradually and the cells were with lower vacuolation .

有的色素体仍呈现圆形，有的呈现新月形或者其它不规则形，总体上载体内的这些色素体变得越来越小及且越来越不规则，最终导致色素体载体不同程度的液泡化。

Some pigment still appears circular , some showing crescent or other irregular shape , overall on the body of these chromatophore becomes smaller and with more and more irregular , eventually leading to pigment carrier with different degrees of vacuole .

粘液细胞的早期发育过程与油细胞的相同，而在细胞液泡化的后期，靠近大液泡的细胞质中产生粘液物质，并扩散到大液泡中。

The early developmental process of mucilage cells is the same as that of oil cells , but at the latter stage of vacuolation , mucilage substance was produced in the cytoplasm near the big central vacuole , and diffused into the central vacuole .

细胞壁固定作用和液泡区室化是三叶鬼针草毛状根忍耐重金属Cd、Pb胁迫的机制之一。

Compartmentalization and fixed holding of detoxification mechanisms of heavy metal by cell wall vacuole are the strategies of the hairy roots ' endurance to Cd and Pb stress .

我们的观察结果证明凤眼莲抗重金属Pb的重要耐性机制是：根对重金属的积累，细胞壁的金属沉淀作用和液泡的区域化作用等。

The important resistance mechanism of plants confirmed by our observation results is accumulation of heavy metal in root , deposit of heavy metal in cell wall and compartment of heavy metal in vacuole , etc.

植物抵御盐胁迫的主要方式是将细胞内过多的Na+从质膜向细胞外排放和将Na+在液泡中区隔化，这一过程是由Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白完成的。

Transport of Na + across the plasma membrane and vacuolar compartmentation are of critical importance for plant tolerance to salinity , the biochemical process is accomplished by the Na + / H + antiporter system .

盐胁迫下Na+使植物体内的离子平衡受到破坏，为了维持细胞的渗透平衡，植物主要通过Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白外排Na+和液泡区隔化Na+来减少Na+的毒害，提高自身的耐盐性。

Plant 's Na + balance is disrupted under Na + stress . In order to maintain the Na + balance in cells and increase salt tolerance , Plants mainly extrude Na + by Na + / H + antiporter and the vacuolar membrane .

其中，Na+在液泡内的区域化是通过植物液泡膜Na+/H+逆向运转蛋白来实现的。

The compartmentation of Na + into vacuoles is implemented by Na + / H + antiporter located in tonoplast .