壤中流

森林流域坡地壤中流模型与模拟研究

Simulation and model of interflow on hillslope of forest catchment

江西红壤缓坡地壤中流影响因素分析

Factors Affecting Interflow of Gentle Hill in Jiangxi Province

水源涵养林壤中流水质中pH、Sal、Tur和NH4~+具有缓冲作用，而无林地壤中流水质变化通常是随着降雨时间的延长快速下降，没有缓冲作用，很容易造成养分流失。

Water Resources Protection Forest can buffer the varieties of pH , Sal , Tur and NH4 + . But the change of water quality in no forest area always reduce clipping by the rainfall , no buffer , which easy run out nutrient .

结果表明：在两种雨强值（70mm和35mm）90min内模拟的降雨过程中，供试的土壤产生两种径流模式：表面径流和土壤内部壤中流。

The results showed that , under two simulated rainfall intensities ( precipitation 70 ? mm and 35 ? mm , within 90 ? minutes ), there were two runoff forms : surface runoff and subsurface runoff .

江淮农业流域壤中流养分的迁移过程研究

Research on the Movement of Nutrient-pollutants in an Agricultural Watershed in East China

耕作方式对磷素和钾素壤中流浓度影响不大。

Farming methods have little effect on P and K concentration of soil runoff .

降雨强度大，表面径流和壤中流始流时间早，水流量和浓度相应高，累积输出也多。

The water flow volume and phosphorus concentration in both runoffs increased with the rainfall intensity improved ;

设计了一种径流观测系统，可以观测表面径流和壤中流。

A newly designed runoff collection system was used to partition runoff into surface flow and subsurface flow .

土壤养分借助壤中流进入相邻收纳水体，是除了地表径流传输外的另一个很重要的方式。

It was another important way that soil nutrients went into the adjacent water through soil runoff other than surface runoff .

表层壤中流历时与降雨因子有较好相关性，而底层壤中流历时与降雨因子相关性很差；

The interflow duration is apparently related to rainfall factors on the surface level , and unapparently related in the bottom .

管流水分通量远大于渗流的水分通量，它对于提高壤中流流量和水分通量，具有促进作用。

The flux of pipe flow is greater than that of infiltration and it can increase the discharge and flux of interflow .

不同磷肥处理下的壤中流总磷含量，并不与肥料的多少呈正相关，且处理间的差异也不明显。

Content of TP under different phosphorus fertilizer treatments was not positive correlation with the content of fertilizer and had no significant differences between treatments .

不同坡位壤中流中总氮浓度从土壤表层到深层，前期波动幅度较大，后期各层浓度趋于一致。

Concentration of TN on different slope position from surface of soil layer to deep layer changed largely at firt and got to uniform level later .

研究结果表明：紫色土坡地产生地表径流和壤中流两种径流模式，壤中流其径流动态过程受降雨强度和表层作物覆盖度的影响；

The results showed that , there were two process : overflow and subface flow . Runoff dynamic course were influenced by different rainfall intensity and crop coverage .

用水文学方法找出典型年河水中地下径流成分，然后分割出壤中流和地面径流。再根据实测的水质和流量资料计算出流域非点源污染负荷。

According to the variation of the components in the ground water of Streamflow within a year , the nonpoint pollutant load in a basin can be computed .

壤中流是紫色土坡耕地水土流失的重要外营力之一，进行水土流失治理必须对其加以干预。

Interflow is an important exogenetic force which causes soil and water loss in slope farmland of purple soil , and it should be controlled for soil and water conservation .

降雨历时对壤中流历时影响最大，降雨量影响最小；雨强与地表径流的退水流量呈对数变化趋势；

The interflow duration is mostly affected by rainfall duration , and precipitation does least ; The amount of surface runoff recession has a power trend to the increase of rainfall duration .

结果表明：紫色土坡耕地产流模式以蓄满产流为主，壤中流在坡面径流总量中所占比例较大；

The results showed that , stored-full runoff was the main pattern of runoff yield in slope farmland of purple soil , and interflow accounted for a larger percentage of total runoff .

由于植被覆盖度很高，植被从乔木向灌木和亚高册草甸进行转化时，径流的增加主要来源于壤中流和地下径流。

Because of the high degree of vegetation cover , vegetation conversion from arboreal forest to shrubs and alpine meadow , the increase in water yield comes mainly from subsurface flow and ground flow .

地表径流、壤中流和基岩风化带出流的退水流量分别占总流量的7.8%、1.7%和5.9%。

Rainfall intensity also affects the proportion of recession discharge by surface runoff , soil-layer flow , and mantle rock flow to total discharge , which are 7.8 % , 1.7 % and 5.9 % .

坡位对050cm的壤中流氮磷素影响最大，坡下部明显大于坡中部，说明坡地养分分布具有明显的空间异质性。

Between 0 and 50 cm , slope position was the most influential factor to the concentration of P and N and the low slope was obvious than the middle slope which showed that nutrient distribution on slope had obvious spatial heterogeneity .

应用稳定氢同位素技术对四川卧龙巴郎山亚高山暗针叶林不同降水条件下3群落类型中降水、林冠穿透水和壤中流的变化动态进行跟踪研究。

The hydrogen stable isotope method was used to trace the change of precipitation , throughfall and interflow over time under different rainfall density in 3 types of sub-alpine dark conifer forests in Balang Mountain of Wolong Natural Reserve , Sichuan , China .

耕作方式对径流养分浓度的影响表现在，与顺垄相比，横垄和横分能增加氮素、磷素和钾素的地表径流浓度，但会降低壤中流氮素浓度。

The impact of tillage methods on runoff nutrient concentrations performance showed that : Compared to the ridged contour and cross sub-surface , smooth ridge increased the content of nitrogen , TP and potassium in runoff , but reduced the concentration of nitrogen in soil runoff .

不同坡位壤中流中总磷浓度从表层到深层呈现波浪状递减趋势，变异系数值变小，总磷浓度的变化随深度的增加趋于稳定，说明磷在垂直方向上有运移。

Concentration of TP on different slope position from surface of soil layer to deep layer decreased wavelike . Coefficient of variation got lower . With the increasing of depth in the soil , concentration of TP got stable which showed that phosphorus transported in the vertical direction .

冰雪、冻土的出现，除单纯考虑降水的分配、汇流过程、入渗、壤中流和地下水径流过程外，还要因为固态水分的相变考虑能量平衡过程，寒区水文过程的模拟也变得更加复杂。

The cold region hydrological processes simulation is more complex because of ice , snow and frozen soil presence so that the hydrological model must take energy transport in water phase change into account except for precipitation distribution , confluence , infiltration , subsurface flow and ground water flow .