切沟

利用GPS进行切沟侵蚀监测研究

Study of Monitoring Gully Erosion Using GPS

Kriging插值法是长江上游地区小流域和冲沟系统DEM建立的最佳方法，1m的空间分辨率是长江上游地区描述地形的理想分辨率，可以满足切沟和冲沟的研究需要。

Kriging interpolation method is a optimal method for establishing DEMs in catchment and region scale , and 1 m is a optimal DEM resolution in upper Yangtze River basin ;

切沟对柠条林地土壤水分影响水平宽度达到3～4m，垂直深度达到6m以下。

The soil moisture of the land was affected by the gully bank in 3 ~ 4 m in the horizontal direction and in excess of 6 m in the vertical direction .

5m的GPS测量间距是长江上游地区描述地形的理想尺度，可以满足切沟和冲沟研究的需要。当研究对象为细沟、浅沟时，应选择3m及3m以下的测量间距。

A GPS-survey scale of 5 m grid is suitable for assessment of gully erosion whereas a 3 or less than 3 m GPS-survey scale can meet with study needs of rills and shallow gullies in the upper Yangtze River basin ;

植被恢复使土壤侵蚀得到有效控制，坡面浅沟发育停止，浅沟沟槽和切沟沟槽发生明显淤积，淤积速率为0.5～0.7cm·a~（-1）。

During vegetation restoration , soil erosion was controlled availably , the development of shallow gully was stopped , the sediment was deposited in the channels of shallow gully and gully , the deposition rate was 0.5 ~ 0.7cm · a ~ ( - 1 ) .

切沟侵蚀不仅破坏土地资源，而且影响下游地区环境。

Gully erosion damages land resources and causes site off environmental problems .

黑土地切沟侵蚀的成因与危害

Causes and damages of gully erosion in black land

山西吉县黄土区切沟分类的研究治沟与治田工程结合；

Classification and control of gully in Loess Region of Jixian County , Shanxi Province .

切沟侵蚀定量研究进展

Quantitative Research Progress On Gully Erosion

研究表明，包括切沟在内的黄土丘陵区的沟谷密度值可高达20km/km~2以上；

Density of gully in this area is so high that it can reach 20km / km2 ;

切沟不同部位土壤水分的季节和年际变化主要受降雨入渗补给影响，而沟底则与径流的产生有关。

For the gully floor , soil water content was influenced by the runoff generation besides rainfall supply .

山光水色与诗人&谈中国山水及山水诗人东北漫川漫岗黑土区浅沟和切沟发生的地貌临界模型探讨

Poets with hills and waters Geomorphic Threshold Model for Ephemeral Gully Incision in Rolling Hills with Black Soil in Northeast China

对不同微地形群落物种多样性的研究表明，切沟和平缓坡中的群落是物种多样性较高的群落，其次是浅沟和极陡坡，陡坡和切沟沟头中的物种多样性都比较低。

Study on different micro-topographic plants show that : The Community is higher species diversity in gully and low relief slope .

流冲刷引起切沟下切而形成的临空面导致沟壁顶部裂隙系统的递级发展是崩岗沟发育的前提。

The precipitous face formed by runoff scouring would led fracture system to progressively develop and result in the collapse gully development .

河谷阶段的沟谷，泻溜分布于河谷阶地下红层露头处和沿新谷坡发育起来的短小切沟中，切沟阶段沟谷的泻溜面沿沟床两侧条状分布。

In gullies in stage of cutting down , the slumping surfaces are distributed in stripe along both sides of the gully bed .

在植被破坏15年的裸露休闲地浅沟集水区，侵蚀蚀强度随坡长的增加而增加，且浅沟槽侵蚀量大于浅沟间，切沟沟槽侵蚀量大于切沟间。

As slope length increased on hill-slope in a shallow gully catchment that has been destroyed for 15 years , soil erosion intensity tended to increase ;

切沟的径流泥沙含量峰值先于雨强峰值出现，堆积陡坡坡面则滞后于雨强峰值；

The peak value of sediment concentration in gully runoff appears earlier than that of rainfall intensity , but in the runoff on accu - mulated steep slope it appears later .

目前的土壤侵蚀预报模型没有包括切沟侵蚀，因此研究切沟中土壤水分空间变化是建立切沟侵蚀模型的基础，也是恢复植被的基础。

But little gully erosion model included in soil erosion models . It is necessary to study soil moistures in a gully watershed for establishing a gully erosion model and restoring vegetation .

微地形植物的盖度、平均高度和生物量多优于原状坡面，且以切沟和塌陷最为显著。

The coverage , height , and biomass of the plant communities on most of the micro-topography , especially on the gully and collapse , were larger than those on the undisturbed slope .

从1998&2000年，随降水量减少，切沟所有部位土壤湿度持续下降，即使在水分条件较好的沟顶和沟坡下部，土壤湿度也仅为8.1%～8.8%，其它部位则都接近于凋萎湿度。

From 1998 to 2000 , soil moistures of all the positions in the gully watershed reduced continually . Gully top and lower slope only had 8.1 % ~ 8.8 % of soil water and other locations were near to wilting point .

介绍了近年来有关切沟侵蚀定量研究的主要进展，对目前主要方法的适用范围、优点及局限性进行了讨论，并指出切沟侵蚀定量研究中亟待解决的问题和研究方向。

This paper introduces briefly some quantitative study methods on gully erosion in the past several years and gives comments about those that include the proper scope and the advantages and some limitations and points out some problems solved in the future and study direction .

切沟侵蚀是一种常见的土壤侵蚀现象，切沟侵蚀定量研究可以进一步揭示切沟侵蚀规律，为建立切沟侵蚀预报模型、切沟侵蚀危害的评估与治理提供科学的依据。

Gully erosion is a common phenomenon of soil loss . The quantitative study on gully erosion can unveil more its law . This would provide some scientific basis to establish predicting models and to assess the harm of it and how to govern it .

洪峰流量超过70000m3s时，新生汊道及切滩串沟频频出现，给河口治理及深水航道开发带来重要的影响。

When the flood discharge exceeds 7,000 m 3 / s , the new branch of a river and cluster ditches cutting the beach occur frequently , which affects the estuary and the navigation channel development .

至脑岛外侧份层面时，12点位正好是中央沟，再向外切时，中央沟基本保持该方向不变。

On the section cutting insula , central sulcus locate exactly 12 o'clock direction and outward is ultimately changeless .

结果显示沟道最大等效应力与最大切应变发生在沟道次表面。

It shows that the maximum equivalent stress and the maximum shearing strain occur at the sub-surface of the raceway .