光气

光气致小鼠肺脏细胞DNA损伤和凋亡

DNA damage and apoptosis of lung cells induced by phosgene in mice

目的研究光气致BALB/c小鼠肺水肿模型的肺脏的DNA损伤和凋亡。

Objective To study formation of pulmonary edema , DNA damage and apoptosis of lung cells induced by phosgene in BALB / C mice .

结果急性光气中毒的潜伏期1.5h～3d。

Results The latency phase 1.5h to 3d .

非光气法合成MPC工艺流程模拟及设备设计

Non-Phosgene Synthesis of Methyl Phenyl Carbamate and Process Simulation and Equipments Design

光气化法合成红色基GL的研究

Study on Synthesis of Red Base GL by the Phosgenation Process

小鼠PMN的耗竭对光气所致急性肺损伤的影响

Effect of PMN depletion on mouse acute lung injury induced by phosgene

双光气损伤机制的探讨：豚鼠双光气中毒后支气管&肺灌洗液中LDH活性的变化

Mechanism of diphosgene damage I. Changes of lactate dehydrogenase activity in bronchopulmonary washings of guinea pigs after diphosgene poisoning

非光气法合成直接耐晒桃红BK的研究

A Safe Phosgenation Method for Synthesis of C.I. Direct Red 75

甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）装置生产过程中涉及到光气合成及光气化反应，存在多种危险有害因素。

Many hazards exist in TDI installations involving the syntheses of and the reaction with phosgene .

非光气法合成六亚甲基二异氰酸酯（HDI）

Research on the Phosgene-free Process for the Preparation of Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ( HDI )

碳酸二苯酯（DPC）是非光气法制备工程塑料聚碳酸酯（PC）的重要化工中间体之一。

Diphenyl carbonate ( DPC ) is one of the important chemical intermediates for polycarbonate ( PC ) in plastics industry by Non-Phosgene Method .

根据观察结果，作者认为双光气中毒可以造成典型的成人呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的形态改变。

According to the results of the observation , the authors believe that diphosgene poisoning may cause typical pathological changes of ARDS .

本研究改用对甲苯胺的N－光气化、硝化、水解法，可使每生产1吨红色基GL的总原料费用降低7500元以上。

This new process includes phosgenation , nitration and hydrolysis of p-toluidine . It may reduce the total raw material cost over 7500 per ton of Red Base GL .

介绍了异氰酸酯（MDI）的生产及其市场情况，综述了MDI的合成方法，通过分析和比较这些合成方法，得出了今后合成MDI的主要方法应是非光气法。

The production and market demand of isocyanate MDI are introduced in this paper as well as its synthesizing methods .

非光气法合成C.I.直接黄107

The Synthesis of C. I. Direct Yellow 107 by Non-Phosgene Method

碳酸二苯酯（简称DPC）是一种重要的有机碳酸酯，它低毒、无污染，是非光气法合成聚碳酸酯（PC）的重要化工中间体之一。

Diphenyl Carbonate ( DPC ), an important aromatic carbonate , is indispensable to produce polycarbonate using non-phosgene processes , which is a pollution-free and environmental benign method .

用二（三氯甲基）碳酸酯（BTC）代替光气，“一锅法”合成了8种取代脲类除草剂，产物结构经元素分析、IR确证。

Eight substituted ureas herbicides were synthesized with bis ( trichloromethyl ) carbonate ( BTC ) . The production structures were identified by elemental analysis and IR .

C.I.直接黄50非光气法合成研究

None-Phosgene Manufacture Process for C.I.Direct Yellow 50

用BTC代替剧毒的光气具有操作安全及对环境友好等特点。

And has such advantages as operationally safe and environmentally friendly by replacing the high toxic gaseous phosgene by BTC .

需要进行进一步的演习和培训，直到该轮班能够处理严重的事故，否则MDI装置不能有光气。

Further training and exercises need to be done and until this shift can handle a serious incident , phosgene will not be made on the MDI plant .

非光气法PC生产工艺已经在竞争中逐步占据优势，未来需要进一步优化酯交换反应和缩聚反应阶段的反应器设计。

The non-phosgene technology for preparing PC was gradually establishing its preponderance in the competition with the traditional phosgene process . The further effort was predicted to be needed in the future to optimize the design of reactors in transesterification and polycondensation phase .

DMC可作为羰基化试剂代替剧毒物质光气用于合成聚碳酸酯、异氰酸酯、杀虫剂西维因等，用作甲基化试剂代替致癌物硫酸二甲酯合成苯甲醚。

DMC can be used as carbonylation agent replacing phosgene in synthesis of polycarbonate , isocyanate and insecticide carbaryl as well as methylating agent replacing carcinogen dimethyl sulfate in synthesis of methylphenate .

用碳酸二甲酯（DMC）代替光气合成甲苯二氨基甲酸甲酯（TDC），进而分解生成甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）是一条绿色合成路线。

The method that Toluene Dicarbamate ( TDC ) is synthesized by Dimethyl Carbonate ( DMC ) instead of phosgene , and then is decomposed and forms TDI is a green and healthy way .

用二（三氯甲基）碳酸酯（BTC）代替光气与1,5萘二胺（NDA）反应合成了1,5萘二异氰酸酯（NDI）。

The synthesis of 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate ( NDI ) from 1,5-naphthalenediamine ( NDA ) and bis ( trichloromethyl ) carbonate ( BTC ) as the phosgene substitute material was studied .

结果表明随着BPO添加量及光功率的增加，氯化反应速率加快，且BPO的添加量以不超过4g／molDMC为宜，过量的BPO在反应中会促使生成的固体光气分解。

It was shown that the chlorination rate increased with BPO addition and light powder raising . From 2 to 4 g / mol DMC was suitable for BPO addition , whose overbalance would make the triphosgene decompose .

传统合成MPC主要采用光气法，其过程不可避免的出现使用高毒性的光气、反应产生腐蚀性大的氯化物和大量废液等问题，严重污染环境和腐蚀设备。

The traditional method for the synthesis of MPC uses phosgene . Highly toxic phosgene , corrosive hydrogen chloride and a large amount of contaminative solution are inevitably involved in this process , which causes serious environmental pollution and equipment corrosion .

目的明确光气急性中毒的剂量-反应关系与其半数致死浓度（LC50），建立光气中毒肺水肿动物模型，为进一步研究光气损伤机制及防治手段奠定基础。

Objective To determine dose-response relationship of phosgene poisoning and establish pulmonary edema animal model , so as to provide basis for further study on lung injury and treatment of phosgene .

其最佳反应条件为：温度为30℃，反应时间为2～2.5h，氯乙醇与光气摩尔比为1∶3。

The optimum reaction conditions are that the reaction temperature is 30 ℃, the reaction time is 2 ~ 2.5 h , and the mole ratio of chloroethanol to phosgene is 1 ∶ 3 .

在90℃下反应3.5h时，NDI的收率达85.3%，说明采用BTC代替光气合成NDI是一条有效可行的路线。

The yield of NDI reached ( 85.3 % ) at 90 ℃ for ( 3.5h ), and the non - phosgene synthetic method using BTC to substitute phosgene was expected to be effective and feasible .

从苯并噻唑开始，制备了2异丙氨基苯硫酚，并把它作为定时基团，合成了2种DIAR成色剂。在中间体的合成中，用固体光气代替光气得到了理想结果。

Two DIAR couplers were synthesized with 2 ( isopropylamino ) benzenethiol as timing group , which was synthesized from benzothiazole and triphosgene used as a substitute of phosgene , and good result was obtained .