水准面

就制图的目的来说，所以需记录的高程是高出大地水准面（海平面）的高程。

For cartographical purposes heights are necessarily recorded above the geoid ( sea-level ) .

GPS高程应用的关键在于精化大地水准面

The Key to Application of GPS Height Lies in Refining Geoid

精化区域大地水准面以实现GPS三维控制测量

Three-dimensional control surveying by GPS in a high accuracy local geoid

（似）大地水准面模型在城区GPS高程转换中的应用

Application of Quasi-geoid Model to GPS Height Converting in Urban Region

应用GPS拟合高程建立和精化大地水准面

Application of GPS Fitting Height into Establishment and Refining Geoid

基于支持向量机的GPS似大地水准面拟合

GPS Quasi Geoid Fitting Based on Support Vector Machine Technology

应用斯托克司方法与莫洛金斯基理论计算重力似大地水准面，然后用GPS水准进行拟合校正以提高精度。

The correction of GPS leveling calculates geoid and improves precision with satisfied achievements .

基于GPS技术的昆明市大地水准面形状的研究及其应用

Refining Geoid and Its Application in Kunming City

武汉市似大地水准面GPS水准建模与软件研制

GPS-leveling modeling and software building for Wuhan quasigeoid

Bayesian正则化BP神经网络拟合两类似大地水准面

Application of Bayesian Regulation BP Neural Network to Fit Two-Kind Quasi-geoid

然而选择GPS进行测量必须面对大地水准面差异的问题。

But when using GPS , the problem of difference for territorial geoids is faced .

模拟大地水准面应用于GPS水准内插的研究

Application of Simulated Geoid to GPS-Leveling Interpolation

一种确定大地水准面重力位漂移δW的方法

An Approach for Determining the Geoid Geopotential Shift δ W

GPS水准面拟合方法研究

Method of fitting of GPS geoid

计算局部大地水准面变形的FFT方法

A fast Fourier transform method for computing geoid undulation

论述了GPS测量高程的现状、以及GPS测量高程的最新方法&精化大地水准面法的具体做法；

They discussed the present situation of GPS level survey and the newest method , precision earth level surface method .

介绍了大地水准面（N）与似大地水准面（ζ）之差公式的推导方法，揭示了其物理内涵，论述了其在精化大地水准面中的重要作用。

The method for formulary derivation between geoid ( N ) and quasigeoid (ζ) is introduced , and its physical content is announced .

采用的大地水准面差距或高程异常的精度，决定了GPS水准的精度。

The accuracy of obtain height is determined by the accuracy of the corresponding geoidal difference or height abnormal value used .

GA-BP网络模型在GPS（似）大地水准面精化中的应用

Application of the GA-BP Modeling in Refinement GPS Quasi-Geoids

利用四参数多项式模型将这一重力似大地水准面拟合到由GPS水准点控制的GPS水准似大地水准面。

In order to establish the GPS leveling geoid , the gravity geoid is fitted by suing GPS leveling point under four-parameter model .

利用大地水准面高，结合GPS测量的高程信息，直接计算GPS水准高，是一种全新诱人的解决方案。

Directly computing the GPS Levelling heights using the geoid heights and GPS height infor - mation is a wholly new and charming solution .

结合GPS技术和高精度（似）大地水准面模型，研制了GPS测图软硬件一体化系统。

For the further utilization of the quasi geoid in mapping the " GPS-Mapping Software and Hardware in a Whole System " has been studied and compiled .

研究了利用GPS定位技术所确定的相对大地高差，联合精确的大地水准面差距进行高程传递的方法。

This paper focuses on the study of the height transference within long distance across sea , by combining ellipsoidal height of GPS with gravimetric geoidal height .

由精化后的似大地水准面可得到区域内任一GPS测点的水准高程，从而代替五等水准测量和三角高程测量。

From the refined quasi geoid , the leveling-height of any GPS point in the region can be obtained instead of fifth order leveling and triangulated height surveying .

对福建省GPSC级网布设方案，大地水准面精化、数据处理及精度指标进行系统研究，为项目的具体实施提供参考。

This paper provides some methods of building GPS C control network , and researches on designing of GPS C control network , accuracy of geoids , processing of the GPS date .

大地水准面重力位的系统误差或重力位漂移δW会直接影响地球外部重力场以及高程基准。

The geopotential system error or the geopotential shift % δ W % exerts direct influences on the gravity field as well as the datum height system .

快速傅立叶变换（FFT）是目前计算大地水准面比较常用的方法之一，但需要将重力观测量进行内插得到规则格网上的平均重力异常。

The Fast Fourier Transform ( FFT ) is one of the methods usually used in geoid determination , but it can handle only homogeneous gridded measurements .

基于原有似大地水准面，在区域设计一些具有高精度的GPS大地高和水准高的公共点，采用数学拟合方法可得该区域似大地水准面的精化模型。

By designing some points with high precision GPS-height and leveling-height in the studied region , the refined model of quasi geoid based on the existent one can be obtained with the method of mathematical simulation .

根据Wagner大地水准面资料得出了地幔对流模式，结果表明亚欧大陆正处在四面受压的力学对抗环境中。

The patterns of the mantle convection derived from Wagner 's geoidal surface show that our continent is pressed in all directions .

用GPS技术在建立新的地面控制网、检核和改善已有地面网，对已有地面控制网进行加密及在拟合区域大地水准面方面都发挥了重大作用。

Today , GPS has been used to built up the new control networks , to verify and improve the existed ones , or to strengthen the laters , and also be used to match the global or local geoids .