槟城州
- 网络Penang
槟城州-
在高峰期，它伸展至超过群岛接壤，西半岛的棉兰老在东部地区，以现代的槟城州沙巴州，在西部和南部，并以巴拉望在北方。
At its peak , it stretched over the islands that bordered the western peninsula of Mindanao in the east , to the modern Malaysian state of Sabah in the west and south , and to Palawan in the north .
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本文的讨论围绕三个层面展开：华侨华人研究，东南亚（华侨华人）研究以及笔者个人对槟城&吉打州华人商业与权力关系的研究。
This paper is to contextualize the discussions in relation to ethnic Chinese studies , Southeast Asian ( and Southeast Asian Chinese ) studies in general , and my own research on Penang Kedah Chinese business and power relation in particular .