vacuum polarization

The third formula is the formula ( 8,18 ) about vacuum polarization in the book as follows .

在该书173页上的关于真空极化计算的公式（8,18）。

In the framework of thermal field dynamics , the reaction process in QGP is investigated . It is found that the statistical effect of the internal lines cannot be neglected . The contribution of thermal vacuum polarization to the dilepton production rate is also calculated .

用热场动力学方法研究了QGP中的反应过程，发现内线的统计效应不能忽略.并具体计算了热真空极化对双轻子产生率的贡献。

The Casimir energy is a kind of zero-point energy of quantized fields and can be considered as the energy of vacuum polarization of quantized fields due to the presence of boundaries , the curvature of the space-time manifold or some background fields .

Casimir能量是量子场的一类零点能，是由于边界的出现、时空的弯曲以及某些背景场的存在而引起的。