standby letters of credit

Certified signatures , independent guarantees and standby letters of credit is the main guarantee way of forfeiting .

担保是福费廷无追索权实现的间接保证，保付签字、独立保函及备用信用证是福费廷中担保的主要方式。

As the major two types of guarantees , standby letters of credit and international factoring play important role in the guarantees for international economic settlement .

而备用信用证和国际保理，作为国际贸易与服务结算中的两种主要担保方式，对于我国出口商的结算利益起到了重要的保障作用。

The standby letters of credit were issued by approved banks in favour of Irish companies .

许可银行签发了信用证的备用信函，受款人为爱尔兰公司。

However , due to standby letters of credit with the principle of the independence of the abstract behavior also makes it easier to implement fraud .

但是由于备用信用证具有的独立抽象性原则也使得行为人更容易实施诈骗行为。

In China , both in the theory of standby letters of credit or standby letters of credit related to legislation , are very backward .

而我国无论是在备用信用证的理论研究，还是有关备用信用证的立法，都是相当滞后的。

In these convention and practices , the United Nations Convention on Independent Guarantees and Standby Letters of Credit is the only legislative document .

在这些国际公约与惯例中，《联合国独立保函和备用信用证公约》是唯一具有立法性质的文件。

The third part is the USA , Britain and the relevant international conventions on the standby letters of credit fraud exception to legal practice , and their successful experience .

第三部分是英美法律和国际公约关于备用信用证欺诈例外的实践，介绍了他们的成功经验；第四部分是完善我国备用信用证欺诈例外的法律制度。