photosphere

The chromosphere is a frothy layer churned up by gases in the photosphere .

色球层在光球层气体的搅拌下不停地翻腾。

The photosphere has a granular structure .

光球还有颗粒结构。

A continuous flow of energy is supplied to the photosphere to make good the prodigious losses by radiation .

有一种连续不断的能流供给光球，以弥补辐射造成的巨大损耗。

The spot motions caused by perturbances below the photosphere are an important condition of energy storage .

光球下面的扰动引起的黑子运动使磁流管扭曲是储能的重要条件。

For an active corona , a system consisting of the electromagnetic field and particles , the only open surface is the solar photosphere .

活动日冕，作为由电磁场和粒子组成的系统，其唯一的开场表面是太阳光球。

The heating efficiency ( the ratio of the heating energy to the energy supplied by the photosphere ) is found to be much greater than theirs .

本文主要结果如下：（1）得到的加热效率（即耗散能量在光球供给能量中所占比例）比Heyvaerts和Priest所得结果大。

There is no sharp break between the photosphere and the outer atmosphere of the sun on one side and the solar interior on the other .

无论在光球与它上面的太阳大气之间，或是在光球层与它下面的太阳本体之间，都没有明显的突变。

Her hopes mingled with the sunshine in an ideal photosphere which surrounded her as she bounded along against the soft south wind .

迎着温柔的南风，她一路跳跃着向前走去，她的希望同阳光融合在一起，似乎幻化成了一道环绕着她的光环。

The mass in the loop flows to the photosphere whereas the mass in the newly emerging field region on the inner side of the loop moves upward .

在高温环内侧的新喷发场区，物质向上流动。

Center to limb observations show that the magnetic structures of small scale magnetic structures have not changed much when they extend from the solar photosphere to the chromosphere .

日面中心到边缘的观测表明，太阳宁静区中的小尺度磁结构在从光球到色球的扩展过程中变化不大。

Beyond the photosphere in the chromosphere and the extremely rarified corona , which extends millions of kilometres into space .

在光球层更外面的色球层以及极其稀薄的电晕，在空中延展几百万千米的范围。

The material in the arched sheet comes mainly from the transition region and the photosphere and is further cooled by radiation , giving rise to a low-temperature prominence loop .

拱形电流片物质主要来自过渡层和光球层，并通过辐射损失进一步冷却，形成低温日珥环；

Starting at the outside and going down into the Sun , the zones are the corona , chromosphere , photosphere . convection zone . and finally the core .

从太阳外部开始进入内部这些区域为：光环带、色球带、光球带、对流带，最终为核心带。

On the contrary , if the emerging flux and the background flux are opposite in orientation , the flux rope always sticks to the photosphere , and no catastrophe occurs .

相反，如果浮现磁通与背景磁通反向，则磁绳始终附着于光球，不会发生灾变。

Axial Mixing and Gas Hold-Up of Gas-Liquid in Multistage Agitated Column The chromosphere is a frothy layer churned up by gases in the photosphere .

多级搅拌塔气液体系的轴向混合和气含率色球层在光球层气体的搅拌下是个多泡层。

The results indicate that the heating in the lower chromosphere and the upper photosphere , especially for large flares , can be caused neither by X-ray radiation nor by electron beam bombardment .

耀斑主相时，X线加热更能有效地平衡辐射损失.但是，尤其是对大耀斑来说，色球低层和光球上层的加热既不能用电子束轰击，也不能用X线的作用来解释；

Lastly , the continuous absorption coefficients a_c ( T , lgP_e ) of a H particle are calculated for the atmosphere of the solar photosphere type ( see Table 3 ) .

最后对太阳光球型大气（见表3），计算了以一个氢粒子为单位的连续吸收系数ac（T，lgPe）。

Type ⅰ spicule usually goes up with a velocity of25km / s and falls down to the photosphere in a same or another different path after arriving at the maximum height .

TypeⅠ针状物常以25km/s的速度向上运动，到达最大高度后，沿原路径或另一个不同的路径落回光球表面。

Among various distributions there is a special one , which corresponds to a uniform radial component of the magnetic field at the photosphere . Such a distribution is the same as that of the so-called split monopole field .

在诸种分布之中，有一种特别的光球磁通分布，它所对应的光球径向磁场均匀，相当于所谓分裂式磁单极子（splitmonopole）磁场的磁通分布。

Such pre-eruptive reconnection lead to the accumulation of magnetic flux and complexity in filament via inducing current and changing the magnetic tether of filament to the photosphere , so directly relevant to filament disturbances .

通过在暗条中感应电流及改变暗条和光球之间的磁拴接，这种爆发前重联可导致磁通量和磁复杂性在暗条中的积累，从而直接与暗条不稳定性相关。

A flux emergence is then introduced somewhere on the photosphere , and it causes a variation of the topology of the background field and a formation of a current sheet at the interface between the newly emerging and preexisting fluxes .

在光球表面的某个区域浮现新的磁通后，背景磁场的拓扑位形将会发生改变，在新浮现磁通和背景磁通之间会形成电流片。

Moreover , because there is a frequency drift downwards ( towards photosphere ) of the pulsations , it is not excluded the possibility that the oscillation is caused by the propagating disturbance in a close loop or open field structure .

此外，由于这些脉动存在向下的运动，也不排除在一个封闭环或开放场结构中传播的扰动引起振荡的可能性。

Inverse-compton photons are produced in the collision between these relativistic electrons and the ambient photons which have been emitted from the stellar photosphere , and then an event of γ - ray burst occurs .

这些高能电子在通过恒星周围的光子气体时，与光子气体相互碰撞，产生逆康普顿光子，形成γ射线爆。