disincentive

High marginal tax rates may act as a disincentive to working longer hours .

高额的边际税率可能会对加班起到抑制作用。

It may also work as a disincentive to innovation .

这还可能阻碍创新。

Any further increase in benefits would be a disincentive to work .

再提高救济金就会对工作起抑制作用。

Critics say this would be a disincentive to work .

批评人士称，这将降低人们的工作积极性。

High taxes are a disincentive to industrial investment .

税高是抑制工业投资的因素。

and promoting a huge disincentive to a sustainable clean energy future for America .

对美国拥有永续洁净能源的未来造成极大阻碍

Given current intellectual property regimes , poverty is a disincentive for innovation .

鉴于目前的知识产权制度，贫穷对创新具有抑制作用。

The risk that new compounds may be withdrawn from the market is a strong disincentive to new drug development .

新化合物有可能被撤出市场，这种风险对新药物开发具有强大抑制作用。

Fixed wages and lack of promotion act as a disincentive to employees .

工资固定又无晋升机会遏制了雇员的积极性。

Plus some super-market sales strategy , but also a disincentive for housing .

再加上一些超级大盘低价入市的策略，也会对房价有抑制作用。

Others view it as a rigid brake on employment flexibility and a disincentive to hire new workers .

其他人则将之视为对就业灵活性的严厉束缚和对雇佣新员工的阻碍。

If the government also protects import-competing goods , the disincentive to export production is even stronger .

假如政府也保护与进口竞争的货物，那么对于出口生产的抑制也就更加强烈。

A big disincentive to any investor has been the real possibility of GM going bust .

对任意一位投资者而言，一个重大的障碍在于通用汽车破产的真实可能性。

This would create an economic disincentive to kill & shooting a rival would badly disrupt gang business .

这就产生了对杀人的抑制因素-击杀竞争对手会严重的扰乱帮派生意。

Neutral tax treatment of second earners would remove this disincentive , encouraging married women to pursue full-time careers .

给予家庭中第二赚钱者中性税收待遇，将消除这种抑制工作积极性的因素，从而鼓励已婚女性从事全职工作。

It was mainly because the economy increased steadily during this period and energy efficiency was a disincentive factor but had a comparatively low influence .

主要是这段时期江苏省经济发展速度平稳，能源效率呈抑制因素，但影响相对较小，而能源结构在此阶段呈现出拉动因素。

Cheap HFC-23 credits are a disincentive to investing in low-carbon electricity plants .

廉价的HFC-23额度妨碍了对于低碳发电厂的投资。

No incentive without disincentive .

没有约束就不要有激励。

They get promotions , the honour of a job well done and the disincentive of shame if they fail .

他们获得晋升，任务完成后感到光荣，失败后则感到耻辱。

The systems of permissions , licences and passes for cutting and transporting timber acts as a disincentive .

规章-关于砍伐和运输木材的各种许可、执照以及通行等实际上对造林起打击作用。

Washington said , " You need to be in synch or you get that knocking . " This could be another possible disincentive .

华盛顿说：“除非你跟上节奏，不然就会撞到。”这是另一个可能会让人受挫的原因。

At relative low income level , the latter disincentive effect tends to dominate so that labor mobility can actually slow the speed of income convergence .

在收入水平相对较低时，这种抑制作用会超过其正面作用，从而劳动力流动会减缓收入收敛的速度；

Income tax rates in cities like Shanghai where the top levy is 45 per cent are already seen as a disincentive to attracting foreign financial professionals .

上海等城市的个人所得税税率（最高一级为45%）已被视为阻碍吸引国外金融专业人员的因素。

The society also says that publishing models in which researchers pay to submit or publish papers " introduce a new disincentive to the exchange of knowledge " .

此外，在开放获取的出版模式下，研究者需要付费投稿或发表论文，从而“带来了一层妨碍知识交流的新屏障”。

It 's cool , so you don 't have a disincentive of getting hot , and it 's easy and it 's quick .

感觉很凉，所以你比会感觉到难以忍受的热，很轻松，很快。

The company said such an interpretation violated World Trade Organisation agreements and would be a disincentive for investment , because much pharmaceutical innovation occurs through incremental research .

诺华表示，这样的解释违反了世界贸易组织（wto）协议，而且会阻碍投资，因为很多药品创新都发生在渐进式研发之中。

Many Chancellors have said that they would jump at a tax that had no disincentive effects on work or enterprise but had a strong redistributive element .

许多大臣都表示，如果一种税对劳动和企业没有抑制性影响、却有着强大的再分配作用，他们会迫不及待地接受它。

Thus , it would serve as a disincentive to fiscal profligacy , thereby guarding against moral hazard and reducing the risk of future crises .

因此，这将遏制财政挥霍行为，从而防范道德风险，降低未来爆发危机的风险。

Another big disincentive for hot money is that there are widespread fears that the Chinese economy is starting to cool and that the property market is about to crash .

另一个阻碍热钱流入的重要因素是，人们普遍担心中国经济已经开始降温，房地产市场即将崩盘。

Meanwhile the legislative defects in the area of company law bring the conflict between institution arrangement and practical operation . The problems of incentive and disincentive are even more obvious .

理论研究的缺失必然不利于经理权制度的健全，与此同时我国公司立法存在的诸多缺陷又加剧了制度安排与公司实际运作的冲突，经理约束和经理激励问题更显突出。