Chromatids

Each chromosome consists of two chromatids held together by the centromere .

每个染色体由两个染色单体所组成，它们被一个着丝点联结在一起。

The alteration in recombination and the premature separation of sister chromatids are two important processes on which more intensive researches have been done .

其中，重组的改变、姐妹染色单体的过早分离是研究较多的两个重要环节。

Three simplified methods for direct differential staining of sister chromatids

三种姊妹染色单体直接染色分化方法

Then each chromosome is formed by the two chromatids .

这时每条染色体已是由两条染色单体构成了。

The patterns of sister chromatids differential staining are influenced by the pretreatment

预处理对姐妹染色单体分化染色形式的影响

The big distance between two single signals means the predivision of two sister chromatids .

甲基萘的分离两个单个信号分离表明两条姐妹染色单体分离。

This period can see , the Federation of the two chromosomes are formed by two chromatids .

此期可以看清，联会的两条染色体都分别由两条染色单体组成。

The chromosome number is duplicated in later stage only as chromatids are separated to form separated chromosomes .

染色体数目只在较后期当染色单体被分离而成为独立的染色体。

In this state , exit from mitosis and the separation of sister chromatids are inhibited .

在此状态下有丝分裂的结束以及姐妹染色体的分离被抑制。

Crossing over The exchange of material between homologous chromatids by the formation of chiasmata .

交换：同源染色单体之间形成交叉时遗传物质的交换现象。

During mitosis , sister chromatids remain joined by their centromere until anaphase .

在有丝分裂期间，姐妹染色单体在分裂后期之前都是通过着丝点连接的。

At this stage , the duplicated chromosomes are joined together so that they are treated as " one " chromosome with two chromatids .

在这个时期，复制了的两个染色体联接在一起而被当成为“一个染色体内有两条染色单体”。

A technique for differential staining of sister chromatids in callus cells was established by means of BrdU labeling and modified FPG staining .

用BrdU标记，改良的FPG法染色，建立了一种植物愈伤组织细胞姐妹染色单体分染的方法。

Anaphase The stage in mitosis or meiosis when chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles of the nuclear spindle .

后期：在有丝分裂或者减数分裂过程中染色单体分别朝相反的两极运动。

The chromatids segregated to opposite poles at anaphase . Nutritional and Physiological Effects of Glutamine in Segregated Early Weanling Piglets

后期时，在纺锤丝的牵引下，姊妹染色单体分裂到两极。谷氨酰胺对隔离早期断奶仔猪的营养生理效应研究

The successful transmission of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis relies on the establishment and subsequent release of cohesion between replicated chromatids .

有丝分裂和减数分裂中染色体的成功传递依赖于经复制产生的姐妹染色单体之间粘连的建立和解除。

At this point esch chromosome consist of a pair of chromatids and the two associated chromosomes are termed a tetrad .

此时每条染色体由一对染色单体构成，这两条联合的染色体称为四分体。

Conclusion Both nondisjunction , balanced and unbalanced predivision of chromatids are involved in the oocyte aneuploidy formation .

结论同源染色体不分离和姐妹染色单体平衡性及非平衡性过早分离这三种机制均参与了卵细胞非整倍体的产生。

During anaphase II the centromeres divide and single chromatids are drawn toward the poles , thus sister chromatids are separated .

在减数分裂后期II，每条染色体的两个染色单体随着着丝点的分裂而彼此分开，由纺锤丝牵向两极。

The chromosomes had some associations of the chromatids , but did not display primary constriction . Beet armyworm possess holokinetic chromosomes .

有丝分裂早中期每条染色体的的两条染色单体并排平行连接在一起，并出现有限的连接点，但没有观察到初级缢痕出现，甜菜夜蛾染色体为弥散着丝粒染色体；

Centromere & The primary constriction on the chromosome , a region at which the sister chromatids are held together and at which the kinetochore is formed .

染色体的主缢痕，使姐妹染色单体连在一起，在其两侧各有一个由蛋白构成的动粒。

After different disposal achromatic chromosome sheet glass was made by sister chromosome achromatics to observe 50 cells under fluoroscope and check the exchange rate of sister chromatids under microscope .

按照不同处理后用姐妹染色体色差法制成色差法染色体玻片，在荧光显微镜下观测50个细胞，镜检姐妹染色单体交换率。

A dramatic reorganization of interpolar microtubules into a highly organized central spindle between the separating chromatids is required for the initiation and execution of cytokinesis .

在向两极分离的染色单体之间的微管很规律地重组成高度有序的中心纺锤体，这是开始和进行胞质分裂的必要条件。

In meiosis , the association of four homologous chromatids seen during the pachytene stage of prophase . ( genetics ) used of homologous chromosomes associated in pairs in synapsis .

减数分裂前期的粗线期中，四个同源的染色单体向联系形成的结构。（遗传学）属于在成熟分裂时联在一起的一对同源染色体。

These findings , therefore , indicated that marker chromosomes with unequal-length chromatids in translocation heterozygotes may be a useful indicator for detection of the cytogenetic effects of environmental mutagens on germ cells .

实验结果表明，这种带不等长染色单体的标记染色体，是用生殖细胞研究环境诱变剂遗传毒理学效应的有用手段。

A new techniqe which allows a differential staining of sister chromatids in Vicia faba , Allium cepa , Hordeum vulgare , Secale cereale has been established .

本文以蚕豆、洋葱、大麦、黑麦为材料，建立了一个植物姐妹染色单体分染（SCD）新技术。

Chromosome segregation in mitosis is orchestrated by dynamic interaction between spindle microtubules and the kinetochore . Proper alignment of chromosomes and their segregation in mitosis also relies on cohesion between sister chromatids .

在有丝分裂中，染色体的分离通过纺锤体与动点之间的相互作用来调节，染色体的正确排列与分离还依赖于染色单体之间的粘连。

The abnormal chromosomal behavior occurred in PMC meiosis of A_2 CMS started from anaphase ⅰ; ( 4 ) homologous chromosome movement to opposite poles at metaphase ⅰ was delayed or sister chromatids did not divide at metaphase ⅱ;

A2细胞质雄性不育花粉母细胞减数分裂行为从后期Ⅰ开始出现异常，同源或姊妹染色体向两极分离时滞后或不分裂；